Erythrocyte and leukocyte suspensions were prepared from 28 patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease and 30 age-and concomitant disease-matched control subjects. Cell filterability was studied with the new St. George's nitrometer, which can discriminate between initial nitration rate as an erythrocyte parameter and filter clogging as a leukocyte parameter. Compared with control subjects, a significant increase of filter clogging was found in the patients, suggesting decreased deformability or increased adhesiveness of leukocytes or both in chronic cerebrovascular disease. (Stroke
Inventarisation of atraumatic methods of analysing the circulation in the carotid region shows that they generally can be classified as physiological or anatomical. Physiological methods focus on blood circulation time or on the pulsating changes in blood pressure, blood velocity, blood vessel diameter and cerebral volume. In this study the reliability of two pressure-dependent methods, namely ophthalmodynamography and ophthalmodynamometry, for the detection of haemodynamically significant carotid stenosis is established. Correct results were found in 78--82% of cases. Ophthalmodynamography, and the advantage of combining this method with ophthalmodynamometry, are more extensively investigated. Although in recent years attention has been focussed on the study of the blood velocity pulsations with the Doppler technique, maximal diagnostic efficacy can be expected from a combination of pressure and flow wave studies. A way to compare all the information contained in the curves can be found in the technique of Fourier analysis. The results obtained by Fourier analysis of the ophthalmodynamographic curves are presented.
For an adequate assessment of both the ophthalmological and the neurological consequences of carotid obstruction measurement of the blood pressure in the carotid flow area is essential. To this end there are two objective, registrating methods available at the moment: OPG-Gee and OODG-Ulrich. A comparative study was made into the basic principles, calibration curves and application methods of these systems. By both methods the systolic retinal--and ciliary--as well as the diastolic ocular blood pressure can be measured. OODG is more exact for the differentiation and measurement of the two systolic blood pressures. OPG-Gee, however, offers the unique additional possibility of a judgement on the systolic blood pressure in the carotid siphon without, however, taking into account a (difference in) pre-existing intraocular pressure. Our own investigation shows that in order to obtain a correct assessment of the carotico-brachial relation both blood pressures should be measured simultaneously. The results of the graphic analysis of the curves are compared to those by Ulrich. For the diagnosis of carotid obstructions this analysis of the shape had no advantages over the determination of the pressure values. Finally, a survey is given of possible applications of OPG and OODG in various other syndromes.
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