Fiber toughness, fabric construction, and pretreatment were found to affect abrasive wear in permanent-press trouser cuffs. Samples of Pima S-2, Hopi Acala, and Deltapine 15 cottons were processed into twelve constructions of print-cloth weight fabrics. Cross-linking with the dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea-type resin was applied as a continuous process to fabrics after scouring and after slack mercerizing. Nitrogen contents of treated fabrics show that type of cotton, fabric construction, and pretreatment affected the amounts of resin reacted with the fabric. Pima cotton had the lowest and Deltapine the highest level of nitrogen in almost every fabric construction. Pima cotton fabrics showed less wear during conventional abrasion test and laundering and greater crease-recovery angles than did the other cottons. Cuffs of basket-weave fabrics with 0.87% nitrogen showed less crease wear during laundering than did plain weave at 0.64% nitrogen. At comparable nitrogen content, slack-mercerized fabrics were more durable at a higher crease-recovery angle than were cuffs made from scoured fabrics. ~
Yarns spun from high- and low-maturity cottons were mercerized in liquid ammonia in a continuous process, and in liquid ammonia and sodium hydroxide in skein form under various tensions. Both swelling agents produced similar changes in mechanical properties (breaking strength, tenacity, elongation-at-break, and initial modulus) under comparable conditions. Mercerization under high tension increased breaking strength and tenacity and decreased elongation-at-break. Slack mercerization in caustic resulted in elongations-at-break substantially higher than did ammonia treatment. A major difference between reagents was noted during treatment. When skeins were swollen slack and then restretched, much greater force was required to restretch ammonia-swollen skeins, and they could not be stretched as much as those that were caustic-swollen. Measurements of length changes in yarns during swelling, tensioning, and deswelling gave quantitative data to substantiate this observation. Differences in mechanism of swelling are discussed in relation to these findings.
Fabrics of printcloth weight in plain and basket weave were crosslinked with dimethylolethyleneurea to 2, 5, and 10% add-on. Specimens were dried slack or under tension before curing. The amount of crosslinking, controlled by resin pickup, produced reasonably consistent nitrogen contents in samples when other parameters were varied. Among the properties measured were fiber density, fabric thickness and area changes, fabric tensile and wrinkle recoveries, and single- fiber tenacity and tensile recovery. Relationships of properties to nitrogen contents and among various physical proper ties were frequently influenced by tension, fabric construction, and pretreatment.
Yarns from samples of Pima S-1, Hopi Acala, and Coker 100 Wilt varieties were scoured, chloroform extracted, mercerized, and decrystallized with anhydrous ethylamine without tension. Breaking loads for yarns immersed in solutions when compared to those in water were essentially unchanged by ethylamine but decreased appreciably by sodium hydroxide. Untreated yarns in water showed decreases in strength with in creases in water temperature. Sodium hydroxide caused yarn to shrink in length as much as 35% but ethylamine only about 17%. Yarn shrinkages were related to in creases in cross-sectional areas of fibers and to cell sizes of the two complexes. Fiber lengths after treatments were unchanged by scouring or extraction but decreased by the sodium hydroxide and the ethylamine. Mercerization at normal length caused a reduc tion in the percentage decrease in single fiber and bundle tenacities as the gauge length was increased. Strength increases during mercerization are attributed to increased uni formity of strength along the fiber length.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.