Forty alpaca kids, comprising 20 huacaya and 20 suri, and 20 llama “chaku” (or woolly type), were chosen for a comparative investigation of the fiber and cuticular attributes based on fiber diameter, number of cuticular scales per 100 µm of fiber length, and scale height. Out of the three parameters investigated, the number of cuticular scales proved to be a valid diagnostic trait in distinguishing suri fleece from both huacaya and llama fleeces. A further characterization of the suri fleece was obtained by considering the frequency distribution of both fiber diameter and number of cuticular scale classes. The suri fleece was clearly different from both the huacaya and llama in that it possessed the highest percentage of fibers with less than eight scales, the lowest percentage of fibers with more than nine scales, along with the lowest percentage of fibers with a diameter of more than 35 µm. The validity of these classification criteria was fully supported by a classification discriminant analysis based on the jointed investigation of the data related to scale and diameter frequency classes, whose output was a 100% correct classification of the suri specimens along with an 85.7% and 71.4% of cases correctly classified in huacaya and llama, respectively.
Heterogeneous butt welding of copper and AISI type 304L stainless steel was carried out using the electron beam process. Examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy has indicated the possibility of obtaining joints free of cracks and porosity. Energy dispersive microanalysis of the weld bead cross-section has demonstrated the presence of non-equilibrium phases. The results show that the binary Cu -Fe equilibrium diagram is unable to predict the weld microstructure even at the moderate cooling and solidi cation rates expected under the present welding conditions. The feasibility of the Cu -304L electron beam welding process is therefore hindered by the problem of microstructural stability of the joint because of possible phase transitions during the service life of welded components.
MST/5303Dr Tosto (tosto@casaccia.enea.it), Mr Nenci and Mr Pierdominici are with ENEA
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