Seed production of residual weed populations needs to be taken into account when estimating the long-term impact of low-input agronomic practices. The objective of this study was to measure the eects and interactions of crop, weed control, tillage practice and nutrient source on the seed production of the dominant residual weed species in a maize/soyabean rotation at two sites: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. on a Sainte-Rosalie clay and Chenopodium album L. on a Duravin clay loam. Seed production per unit area was estimated in each experimental unit. Weed seed production was greater under mechanical weed control compared with chemical weed control. In 1997, E. crus-galli seed production reached over 326 000 seeds m ±2 in mechanical weed control treatments, but averaged less than 500 seeds m ±2 in the chemical weed control treatments. Chenopodium album produced in the range of 766 000 and 73 000 seeds m ±2 in mechanical and chemical weed control treatments respectively. Very few or no weed seeds were produced in soyabean under chemical control. Tillage intensity and nutrient source did not aect seed production of either weed species, with the exception that E. crus-galli produced more seeds in chisel than in mouldboard plough tillage in soyabean. Weed control method had more impact on seed production than tillage intensity and nutrient source in a maize/ soyabean rotation.
2001. Crop and weed response to nutrient source, tillage and weed control method in a corn-soybean rotation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 561-571. The integration of various sustainable management techniques in cropping systems can potentially reduce agro-environmental problems, but may warrant a new approach to weed management, due to changes in weed communities. A 3-yr experiment was conducted to determine the effects and interactions of tillage (moldboard plow or chisel plow), weed control method (chemical or mechanical), and nutrient source (mineral fertilizers or liquid hog manure supplemented with mineral fertilizers) on crops and weeds in a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation on two soils (a Sainte-Rosalie clay and a Duravin clay loam, Orthic Gleysols), at Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec. In most cases, weed density and biomass were more important with mechanical than with chemical control. Nutrient source did not affect weed density, but weed biomass was higher in the manure than the mineral treatment in 1997. Weed populations on both soils were greater with chisel plow tillage combined with mechanical weed control. The presence of crop residues in chisel plow systems may have hindered the efficacy of mechanical weed control operations, particularly when corn was the previous crop. Soybean populations, mid-season biomass and yields were reduced in chisel plow compared with moldboard plow tillage. Corn populations and mid-season biomass were not affected by any of the factors, whereas corn yields showed variable responses over the years. Efficacy of mechanical weed control would need to be enhanced or complemented with other weed control methods, in order to reduce the risks of weed infestations and lower crop yields, particularly in conservation tillage systems. Liquid hog manure would have little effect on weed populations, but would need to be adequately balanced in order to ensure proper crop nutrition and optimum yields.. et Hamel C. 2001. Effet de la fertilisation, du travail du sol et du désherbage sur les cultures et les mauvaises herbes dans une rotation maïs-soya. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 561-571. L'intégration de différentes pratiques durables dans des systèmes de production peut réduire les problèmes agro-environnementaux, mais peut exiger certaines modifications aux programmes de lutte aux mauvaises herbes, étant donné l'effet que ces pratiques peuvent avoir sur les communautés de mauvaises herbes. Une expérience d'une durée de trois ans a été réalisée dans le but de déterminer les effets et les interactions du travail du sol (chisel ou charrue à versoir), du désherbage (chimique ou mécanique) et du type de fertilisant (fertilisants minéraux ou lisier de porc complémenté avec des fertilisants minéraux) sur la culture et les mauvaises herbes dans une rotation maïs (Zea mays L.)-soya (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) sur deux sols (une argile Sainte-Rosalie et un loam argileux Duravin, Gleysols humiques), à Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec. Dans la plupart des cas, la densité et la biomasse des mauvaise...
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