Crop and weed response to nutrient source, tillage and weed control method in a corn-soybean rotation

Abstract

2001. Crop and weed response to nutrient source, tillage and weed control method in a corn-soybean rotation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 561-571. The integration of various sustainable management techniques in cropping systems can potentially reduce agro-environmental problems, but may warrant a new approach to weed management, due to changes in weed communities. A 3-yr experiment was conducted to determine the effects and interactions of tillage (moldboard plow or chisel plow), weed control method (chemical or mechanical), and nutrient source (mineral fertilizers or liquid hog manure supplemented with mineral fertilizers) on crops and weeds in a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation on two soils (a Sainte-Rosalie clay and a Duravin clay loam, Orthic Gleysols), at Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec. In most cases, weed density and biomass were more important with mechanical than with chemical control. Nutrient source did not affect weed density, but weed biomass was higher in the manure than the mineral treatment in 1997. Weed populations on both soils were greater with chisel plow tillage combined with mechanical weed control. The presence of crop residues in chisel plow systems may have hindered the efficacy of mechanical weed control operations, particularly when corn was the previous crop. Soybean populations, mid-season biomass and yields were reduced in chisel plow compared with moldboard plow tillage. Corn populations and mid-season biomass were not affected by any of the factors, whereas corn yields showed variable responses over the years. Efficacy of mechanical weed control would need to be enhanced or complemented with other weed control methods, in order to reduce the risks of weed infestations and lower crop yields, particularly in conservation tillage systems. Liquid hog manure would have little effect on weed populations, but would need to be adequately balanced in order to ensure proper crop nutrition and optimum yields.. et Hamel C. 2001. Effet de la fertilisation, du travail du sol et du désherbage sur les cultures et les mauvaises herbes dans une rotation maïs-soya. Can. J. Plant Sci. 81: 561-571. L'intégration de différentes pratiques durables dans des systèmes de production peut réduire les problèmes agro-environnementaux, mais peut exiger certaines modifications aux programmes de lutte aux mauvaises herbes, étant donné l'effet que ces pratiques peuvent avoir sur les communautés de mauvaises herbes. Une expérience d'une durée de trois ans a été réalisée dans le but de déterminer les effets et les interactions du travail du sol (chisel ou charrue à versoir), du désherbage (chimique ou mécanique) et du type de fertilisant (fertilisants minéraux ou lisier de porc complémenté avec des fertilisants minéraux) sur la culture et les mauvaises herbes dans une rotation maïs (Zea mays L.)-soya (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) sur deux sols (une argile Sainte-Rosalie et un loam argileux Duravin, Gleysols humiques), à Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec. Dans la plupart des cas, la densité et la biomasse des mauvaise...

Influence of tillage and liquid swine manure on productivity of a soybean-barley rotation and some properties of a fine sandy loam in Prince Edward Island

“…Some studies emphasize the need to ensure that LSM is adequately balanced in regard to nutrients to ensure optimum yields (Perron et al 2001). An increase in barley yield with limited concomitant increase in grain N as LSM application rate increased was also observed by Mooleki et al (2002).…”

“…The application of LSM supplemented with mineral fertilizers has been a successful practice in corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean rotations in eastern Canada (Perron et al 2001). In Prince Edward Island, the adaptation of conservation tillage such as shallow tillage for cereals, especially barley-soybean rotations, is of interest especially as it pertains to utilization of LSM in these systems (Carter 2005).…”

Strategies and tactics for herbicide use reduction in field crops in Canada: A review

“…In-crop tillage combined with broadcast application of reduced rates of herbicide in soybean provided effective weed control while reducing herbicide use by 50% . Perron et al (2001) reported increased weed densities and reduced crop yields Can. J.…”

“…Dry weather during and following harrowing aids in the desiccation of uprooted weed seedlings, but subsequent good growing conditions are desirable to allow the crop to recover (Johnson 2002a). Crop residue may hinder the efficacy of mechanical weed control (Johnson 2002a), particularly in crops following corn (Perron et al 2001). Efficacy is also reduced if soil is compacted or if the majority of seeds in the weed seedbank are located deep in the soil profile (Johnson 2002a).…”

“…Used alone, most physical weed control practices are less effective than herbicides (Perron et al 2001;Barberi 2002;Johnson and Frick 2002). They need to be integrated with other methods in order to adequately manage weeds.…”