. 2007. Comparison of three simple field methods for ammonia volatilization from manure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87: 469-477. Land application of swine manure can result in a loss of nitrogen (N) through ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization. Accurate NH 3 loss assessments are essential to support the development of regional and global emission factors and identify best management strategies for reducing losses. The objectives of this study were to simultaneously assess the reliability and applicability of three simple NH 3 flux measurement techniques and their effectiveness and usefulness for the measurement of emissions from surface-applied swine manure. Ammonia losses from two chamber systems were compared: (i) static and (ii) wind tunnel chamber, as well as the (iii) micrometeorological theoretical profile shape (TPS) method. A series of field tests were performed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Farm in Harrington, Prince Edward Island (PE) on a sandy loam, stubble field that was surface applied with 100 kg NH 4 -N ha -1 of liquid swine manure. After application the three NH 3 emission techniques were established and measurements were performed over a 5-d period. Ammonia losses from the wind tunnels were comparable with those from the TPS method. The static chambers were found to underestimate NH 3 emissions (by ~95-99%), compared with both the wind tunnel and TPS methods. It is therefore recommended that either the TPS or wind tunnel approaches be used to more accurately quantify NH 3 losses for field systems.
. 2006. Influence of tillage and liquid swine manure on productivity of a soybean-barley rotation and some properties of a fine sandy loam in Prince Edward Island. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: [741][742][743][744][745][746][747][748]. Interactions between tillage management for manure incorporation and rate of manure application may influence crop productivity and soil properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of liquid swine (Sus scrofa L.) manure (LSM) applied at three N rates (40, 80, 160 kg ha -1 ), compared with mineral N fertilizer, in a 2-yr barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation, incorporated by two tillage methods (chisel plough and disc), on crop yield and quality and some soil properties, especially C parameters. The LSM was applied every second year in the spring, prior to barley seeding. The study was conducted over a 5-yr period on a Charlottetown fine sandy loam (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol) in Prince Edward Island. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replicates. Soil samples (0-60 cm) were obtained at the termination of the study to determine residual effects of the LSM on soil properties. The two methods of LSM incorporation had no differential effect on crop response. Generally, increasing the application rate of LSM increased the barley yield, but had no effect on grain N concentration. A residual effect on crop grain yield for the high rate of LSM was evident in the soybean year. Crop response to LSM was similar to that of mineral fertilizer. Application operations for LSM had no adverse effect on soil strength or soil bulk density. Soil properties (microbial biomass C, carbohydrates, water-stable aggregates) were not greatly influenced by LSM application, however, increases in particulate C (POM-C) were evident for the high LSM rate at the 10-to 30-cm soil depth. The study showed that for fine sandy loams in Prince Edward Island low to medium rates of LSM applied every second year could serve as a source of N for barley in barley-soybean rotations. . Les amendements ont été incorporés au sol de deux manières : par charrue à ciseau et par charrue à disques). Le PP a été appliqué un an sur deux au printemps, avant l'ensemencement de l'orge. L'étude a duré cinq ans et s'est déroulée sur un fin loam sablonneux (podzol orthique humo-ferrique) de Charlottetown, à l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard. L'expérience portait sur des parcelles divisées et comptait quatre répétitions. À la fin de l'expérience, les auteurs ont prélevé des échantillons de sol (0 à 60 cm de profondeur) afin d'établir les effets résiduels du PP sur les propriétés du sol. La culture ne réagit pas de manière différente aux deux méthodes d'incorporation du PP. En général, le taux d'application du PP accroît le rendement de l'orge sans modifier la concentration de N dans le grain. L'année de l'assolement soja, le taux d'application du PP le plus élevé a eu un effet résiduel sur le rendement grainier. La culture réagit de la même façon au PP et à l'amendement minéral. Le travail du sol néc...
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