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Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a rapidly growing research area in the field of nanotechnology because of their biomedical applications. This study describes the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Spilanthes acmella leaf extract and its ameliorative effects against doxorubicin-induced toxicity. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by a ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) spectrum that revealed an absorption band at 430 nm. A shift in the absorption bands in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the bioactive molecules of S. acmella leaf extract that acted as a reducing and capping agent. The spherical shape of AgNPs was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, and the presence of elemental silver was indicated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystalline size of the synthesized AgNPs was 6.702 nm. Treatment of Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) mice with 20 mg/kg of doxorubicin (DOX) significantly increased the activities of serum toxicity markers including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). However, compared to DOX alone treatment, the coadministration of DOX and AgNPs reduced AST, ALT, and LDH activities. DOX alone treatment reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and decreased the activities of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in DLA mice. However, the administration of AgNPs to DOX-treated DLA mice increased GSH content and the activities of GST and SOD. Consistently, biosynthesized AgNPs were found to possess significantly higher free-radical scavenging activities when compared to the S. acmella leaf extract, as measured by ABTS, DPPH, and O 2•− assays. The biosynthesized AgNPs also showed significant inhibitory activities against erythrocyte hemolysis and lipid peroxidation in the liver homogenate.

The study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of Callicarpa arborea in A549 cancer cells. Fresh non-infected leaves of Callicarpa arborea were collected from Serkawn, Lunglei District, Mizoram and various solvents were used for Soxhlet extraction at their respective boiling points. The extracts were concentrated and the anticancer activity was tested in the human lung cancer cell line A549 using MTT and clonogenic assays. The effect of C. arborea on the antioxidant system was also assessed by measuring the levels of glutathione, glutathione s-transferases, superoxide dismutase as well as lipid peroxidation levels following standard protocols. Among the various solvent extracts of C. arborea, only chloroform extract showed significant cytotoxicity, and inhibited cell proliferation and survival against the A549 cancer cells. The chloroform extract of C. arborea induced cell death in A549 cells in a dose and time dependent manner with an IC of 52.8 20.4 50-1-1 µgml and µgml at 24 hr and 48 hr, respectively. The clonogenic assay showed that the chloroform extract was able to inhibit cell proliferation in the A549 cells and the inhibition increased with increase in dose. The chloroform extract also alleviated the levels and activities of antioxidants glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase and superoxide dismutase, while elevating the lipid peroxidation level in the A549 cells. The study shows that Callicarpa arborea possess both cytotoxic and anti-proliferative properties against the human lung cancer cell line A549. Callicarpa arborea is a potential candidate as a new anti-cancer agent and warrants further investigation. Anticancer agent, Antioxidants, Callicarpa arborea, Cell proliferation, Cytotoxicity Anticancer activity of Callicarpa arborea Roxb. extracts against Type-II human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, A549

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