The rapid expansion of non-ferrous metallurgy in the late Middle Ages (14th-15th centuries) enhanced ore demand, which was supported by mining intensification. Metallurgical workshops developed various supply strategies based on geological, political and economic constraints. This is particularly true for the Pyrenean multi-metals workshop of Castel-Minier (Ariège, France), where recent excavations unearthed an exceptional corpus of non-ferrous ores. A specific analytical methodology combining micro-Raman spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (ESEM-EDX) was set up to study these artefacts. This composite methodology permitted the fast characterization of both mineral and gangue as well as a discussion of their economic potential. Ores identified were compared with ancient mines in neighbouring mining districts in order to sketch a geography of the mineral resources available to medieval metallurgists. Moreover, a chronostratigraphic study of ore distribution in Castel-Minier revealed the supply strategies, technological choices as well as spatializing of copper and lead metallurgies.
We investigate the localization and clustering features in 20 Ne (N = Z) and neutron-rich 32 Ne nuclei at zero and finite temperatures. The finite temperature Hartree-Bogoliubov theory is used with the relativistic density-dependent meson-nucleon coupling functional DD-ME2. It is shown that clustering features gradually weaken with increasing temperature and disappear when the shape phase transition occurs. Considering thermal fluctuations in the density profiles, the clustering features vanish at lower temperatures, compared to the case without thermal fluctuations. The effect of the pairing correlations on the nucleon localization and the formation of cluster structures are also studied at finite temperatures. Due to the inclusion of pairing in the calculations, cluster structures are preserved until the critical temperatures for the shape phase transition are reached. Above the critical temperature of the shape phase transition, the clustering features suddenly disappear, which differs from the results without pairing.
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