A trehalose-containing glycolipid was detected in several strains of Mycobacteriutn fortuitum and characterized as 2,3-di-O-acyltrehaIose (DAT) by constituents of the molecule were identified as a mixture of straight-chain (14-18 carbon atoms) and methyl-branched-chain (17-21 carbon atoms) fatty acyl groups. DAT was further fractionated by reverse phase TLC into four fractions that were designated DAT-I-DAT-IV. DAT-I contained 70-75 O/ O straightchain acyl substituents (hexadecanoyl and octadecanoyl predominating) and 25-30 O/ O 2-methyl branched substituents (mainly 2-methyl octadecadienoyl). DAT-II was composed of a mixture in which the acyl groups were almost exclusively 2-methyl branched, with 2-methyl octadecadienoyl and 2-methyl octadecen-2-oyl predominating. DAT-Ill, which was the major isolated fraction, consisted of compounds in which the ratio linear to branched acyl groups varied between 0.8 to 09,2-methyl octadecen-2-oy1, hexadecanoyl and octadecanoyl being the most abundant. Finally, DAT-IV comprised a mixture of DAT molecules containing mostly 2-methyl octadecadienoyl, 2-methyl octadecen-2-oy1, 2-methyl eicosadienoyl and 2-methyl eicosen-2-oyl groups.combined NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, GLC and GLC-MS. Lipid
The fatty acids and mycolic acids of 16 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium malmoense were studied by gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. All strains contained 2-methyleicosanoic and 2,4,6-trimethyltetracosanoic acids and alpha-, alpha'-, and keto-mycolic acids. The reported findings suggest that lipid analysis is a very useful approach in the species identification of M. malmoense.
Twenty-nine strains of chromogenic mycobacteria belonging to the species Mycobacterium aurum (5 strains), M. duvalii (2), M. flavescens (1), M. gordonae (6), M. kansasii (3), M. obuense (1), M. parafortuitum (3), M. phlei (2), M. rhodesiae (1), M. vaccae (2) and Mycobacterium spp. (3) were studied for fatty acid composition and mycolic acid patterns by gas-liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography respectively. Fatty acids found ranged from those with 12-24 carbon atoms and were saturated and monounsaturated straight chain fatty acids, along with 10-methyl branched of 16, 17 and 18 (tuberculostearic acid) carbon atoms. Moreover, 2-methyl tetradecanoic acid was found in M. gordonae, M. kansasii and Mycobacterium spp. (2 strains), and 2,4-dimethyl tetradecanoic acid in M. kansasii and Mycobacterium spp. (2 strains). Nonadecenoic acid was found only in M. flavescens and tuberculostearic acid was not detected in M. gordonae. Three patterns of mycolic acids were obtained: the first, found in M. aurum, M. flavescens, M. phlei, M. rhodesiae and Mycobacterium spp. (1 strain), was characterized by the presence of several spots assigned to alpha-mycolates, keto-mycolates and wax-ester mycolates (omega-carboxy-mycolates and 2-eicosanol and related alcohols); the second, found in M. duvalii, M. obuense, M. parafortuitum and M. vaccae was similar to the first, but it contained an additional spot of alpha'-mycolates; the third pattern, found in M. gordonae, M. kansasii and Mycobacterium spp. (2 strains) contained three spots considered to be alpha-mycolates, methoxy-mycolates and keto-mycolates. The results obtained confirm previously reported data on the fatty and mycolic acid composition of the species studied.
A variety of glycolipids were found in a collection of strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum and two patterns were established by thin-layer chromatography. A compound present in all the strains studied was identified as 2,3,4-triacyltrehalose and its overall structure determined by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fatty acyl groups present in this molecule were identified as tetradecanoyl, hexadecenoyl, hexadecanoyl, octadecenoyl, octadecanoyl and a variety of 2-methylbranched unsaturated (a-methyl, a,b-unsaturated) acyl groups. The 2-methyl-branched compounds ranged from 17 to 21 carbon atoms, the most abundant being 2-methyloctadecen-2-oyl. Trehalose was the only sugar detected in the glycolipid. This substance immunoreacted with IgG and IgM present in sera from tuberculosis patients, as demonstrated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
The in-vitro susceptibilities of a total of 1371 urinary tract pathogens to fosfomycin trometamol were determined. According to the NCCLS breakpoints, Enterobacteriaceae and gram-positive microorganisms were, in general, very sensitive to this antimicrobial. More than 90.0% of the Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. and more than 70.0% of the Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, Enterobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Enterococcus spp. strains tested were susceptible to fosfomycin trometamol. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. strains were more resistant. In general, recent clinical isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) in both community and hospital were also very sensitive (> 80.0%) to fosfomycin, its activity being higher than that of the rest of the antimicrobials commonly used for therapy of uncomplicated UTIs. More than 75.0% of the most frequently isolated pathogens from UTIs, except for P. aeruginosa (31.8%) and Acinetobacter spp. (11.1%), were susceptible to fosfomycin trometamol. The results obtained in this study, together with the infrequency of side effects and its pharmacokinetic properties, indicate that fosfomycin trometamol may be a useful alternative for single-dose therapy of uncomplicated UTIs.
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