After a clinical study, the genitalia of 300 cows served an average of six times each, were dissected. In fifty-nine cases the uterus appeared abnormal on dissection; sections from eight of these and nineteen of the remainder contained neither glands nor surface epithelium. From twenty-five of the gross cases and seventy-three others, the sites of the glands were marked, in the sections, only by masses of infiltrating leucocytes, etc. A further thirteen cases showed cystic development of the glands.
SUMMARY Mares rarely ovulate in winter; ovulation is induced by increase in daylight length. Ova accumulate in the oviducts of unserved mares. During pregnancy, corpora lutea accumulate; all regress together at mid pregnancy. Plasma progesterone levels rise and oestrogen levels fall towards the end of pregnancy. Methods are available for early termination of pregnancy and for induction of parturition. Pregnancy can be diagnosed efficiently by rectal examination, and by immunological assay of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin. Service at the foal heat is associated with an increased prevalence of early embryonic death; twinning is the commonest single cause of abortion. Spontaneous prolonged dioestrus is common in summer but may be effectively treated. Bacterial endometritis may result mainly from secondary pathogenic activity by organisms of the normal uterine flora; diagnosis by endometrial smear examination is accurate and methods of treatment have improved. The virus of horse pox has been identified, and the occurrence of equine infection with Mycoplasma has been confirmed. In the male, recent work has emphasized that reproductive function is seasonal. The presence or absence of an undescended testis can now be accurately determined. RÉSUMÉ Les juments ovulent rarement en hiver; l'ovulation est induite par l'augmentation de la lumière du jour. Les oeufs s'accumulent dans les oviductes chez les juments non saillies. Durant la gestation les corps jaunes s'accumulent: ils régressent tous ensemble vers le milieu de la gestation. Le taux plasmastique de progesterone s'élève et le taux d'oestrogène s'abaisse à la fin de la gestation. Il existe des méthodes pour déterminer précocement la gestation et pour induire la mise bas. La gestation peut être diagnostiquée efficacement par palpation transrectable et par détermination immunologique du taux de PMSG. La saillie sur la chaleur de poulinage a pour conséquence un accroissement du nombre des résorptions embryonnaires précoces. La gemelliparité est la cause simple la plus fréquente des avortements. Un dioestrus spontané prolongé est fréquent en été mais peut être facilement traité. Il est possible que les endométrites bactériennes soient dues essentiellement à une activité secondaire pathogène de la flore utérine normale. Le diagnostic par frottis de l'endometre est efficace et les méthodes de traitement ont été améliorées. Le virus du Horse Pox a été identifié; l'existence de l'infection par des Mycoplasmes a été confirmée. Chez le mâle de récents travaux ont démontré que l'activité sexuelle est saisonnière. La présence ou l'absence d'un testicule inapparent peut être efficacement déterminée. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Stuten ovulieren im Winter selten; die Ovulation wird induziert durch die Verlängerung der Tageslichtdauer. Bei nicht belegten Stuten akkumulieren sich Eier in den Eileitern. Während der Trächtigkeit sammeln sich auch Gelbkörper an, die sich dann alle miteinander etwa Mitte der Trächtigkeit zurückbilden. Die Plasma‐Progesteronspiegel steigen gegen das Ende der Trä...
A complement fixation test (CFT) based on that used for brucellosis (Brinley Morgan and others 1971) has been developed for use on the sera of horses exposed to the contagious equine metritis (CEM) organism. None of 50 single samples from horses thought to be unexposed to the CEM organism was positive to the test, although five showed inconclusive reactions. Samples were examined from 41 mares either proved to be infected or from an infected stud. Of these 21 were positive, 11 were inconclusive and nine were negative. The relationship of the CFT to reactions in the other tests used in this condition is discussed--the serum agglutination test (SAT) and antiglobulin test (AGT) (Benson and others 1978). Complement fixing antibodies appear to remain for a longer period in the infected animal, and are therefore more likely to be of use in the diagnosis of the chronic carrier state.
A serum agglutination and antiglobulin test is described for the detection of antibodies to the contagious equine metritis organism. A provisional interpretation of the test is proposed and using this interpretation the results of 66 such tests are discussed.
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