Present research on prebiotics focuses on either polysaccharides or polyphenols. This study compared the individual and combined impact of polysaccharide, quercetin, and gallic acid (GA) treatment on three human faecal strains. In vitro pure culturing and correlation analysis confi rmed that the growth of both benefi cial microbe B. longum subsp. longum (0.695, 0.205: R 2 , slope, respectively) and pathogenic C. perfringens (0.712, 0.085: R 2 , slope, respectively) increased due to polysaccharide treatment, and only GA treatment would inhibit C. perfringens (0.789, -0.165: R 2 , slope, respectively) growth. In vivo studies also revealed that genome copies of Bifi dobacterium increased and C. perfringens decreased in the faeces, when a blend of the three nutrients rather than single polysaccharide or polyphenols were fed to rats. These data suggested that combined prebiotic treatment improved human faecal strain composition better than single treatment.
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