The properties and taxonomic positions of 11 strains previously identified as members of "Acetobacter aurantius Kondb and Ameyama" (this name is not on the Approved Lists) were reexamined. For each we determined about 100 phenotypic features, the protein gel electropherograms, and the parameters of deoxyribonucleic acid: "C-ribosomal ribonucleic acid (DNA:[ "ClrRNA) hybrids. The 11 strains fell into three taxonomically distinct groups. Strain IF0 3248 was the only one which belonged in Acetobacter. Strain IF0 3246 was an atypical Gluconobacter. The remaining nine strains formed a tight cluster, with very similar phenotypic features and protein gel electropherograms. Taxonomically, this cluster is quite removed from Gluconobacter and Acetobacter, and the properties of its DNA:rRNA hybrids suggest that it is closer to Pseudomonas Section I (R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons [ed.], BergeyS Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed.) and Xanthomonas. We propose the name Frateuria gen. nov. for $his cluster, with Frateuria aurantia sp. nov. as the type species and IF0 3245 as the type strain. An extensive phenotypic description and minimal standards of the new genus are given, as is the phenotypic differentiation from Glucono bacter and Aceto bacter.
During the growing season of 1984, the rhizobacteria (including organisms from the rhizosphere soil, the rhizoplane, and internal root zones) of 47 maize plants (two varieties) sampled from different locations in France and at different growth stages were inventoried. Isolates were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their total cell proteins and were found to represent 352 different protein electrotypes. Maize seedlings were initially colonized by a small number of different strains. Densities reached up to 108 CFU/g of root. Later in the season, the population density decreased but the heterogeneity of the rhizobacterial populations increased. Fluorescent pseudomonads represented up to 35% of the total rhizobacterial population and comprised 43 different electrotypes. Other bacteria regularly present were Xanthomonas maltophilia, Serratia liquefaciens, Pseudomonas paucimobilis, and Bacillus spp. There was a very low similarity between rhizobacterial populations of plants of the same cultivar (LG5) within one field at different growth stages and also between rhizobacterial populations of the cultivars LG5 and BRIO42 on the same field. Most electrotypes (76%) were found on a single occasion. None of the 352 electrotypes was present on all plants. In the 1985 analysis the rhizobacteria of maize seedlings (one variety) sampled from one field were characterized. They represented 236 different protein electrotypes. Thirty-three isolates showed antifungal activity against major maize pathogens; they comprised four Pseudomonas cepacia strains, producing pyrrolnitrin as well as another unknown antifungal compound.
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