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A procedure is described for conducting floristic examinations of prospective sites of development in order to determine the presence of threatened and/or endangered plant species. The timed meander search procedure provides information to document the level of effort expended in the examination as well as to describe the floristic resources of the site. Tests of the procedure during the 1979 and 1980 field seasons have demonstrated its value both as a means of discovering threatened and endangered species on a site and as a means of documenting a low probability of occurrence of such species if not found during application of the procedure.

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Dry weight, protein, fat, and ash proximates were determined for 100 individual laboratory reared bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Regression analysis using forms of length and weight provided models for prediction of proximates. Percent dry weight was a linear function of coefficient of condition (r = 0.866). Natural logarithm of ash was a linear function of natural logarithm of length (r = 0.997). Percent fat was a function of coefficient of condition and natural logarithm of length (r = 0.796). Percent protein was a function of coefficient of condition and natural logarithm of length times natural logarithm of weight (r = 0.768). The regression models, based only on length and live weight of fish, allowed accurate prediction of bluegill proximate composition for a laboratory fish population raised on chironomid larvae.

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A method for quantitatively evaluating the successional relationships which exist between species was tested on data from Menominee County, Wisconsin. The method is based upon an examination of the changes in interspecific association which occur when successively larger diameter classes of one or both species are used as the basis for the calculation of an association index. With this method it is possible in most cases to determine which species tend to replace which others. In addition, by averaging replacement tendencies in various ways, index values can be arrived at which express the degree to which a particular species may be characterized as pioneer or climax. The results of the analysis agree well with other studies on succession in these forests. This method should prove useful in elucidating successional relationships, especially in areas where these are not well understood.

Gradient analysis by means of species indices and stand synthetic values provides a very fruitful approach to ecological investigation. Bivariate analysis of unweighted and variously weighted stand averages shows that there is little practical difference between the results obtained at the gradient level using tree species frequency, density, basal area, and various combinations of these measures. Although they are highly significantly correlated, there is considerable variation between weighted stand values and the unweighted stand means. Several alternative methods of deriving species sociologic indices are demonstrated to give very similar species indices along the primary sociological dimension in southern Wisconsin upland forests. An iterative technique for maximizing the information content of sociologic dimensions is suggested.