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Endoscopic, cytologic, bacteriologic and histologic examinations of the endometrium were performed on 34 subfertile Turkaman cross-bred mares to evaluate the significance of the hysteroscopic method and biopsy as a gyneacological evaluation. Fifty percent of the mares showed pathological changes on endoscopy, including adhesions, fluid accumulation, endometrial cysts and atrophy of the endometrial folds. Three, 23 and 8 cases classified as grades II A, II B and III, respectively, in biopsy samples base on the Kenney and Doig classification [11]. Multiple endometrial cysts occurred in 12 mares (35.3%) and 2 of them were younger than 10 years. Most of the large lymphatic cysts were situated near the bifurcation of the uterine body. Adhesions were found only in one mare. Only 4 of the 17 cases in which endometritis was clearly diagnosed were identified by endoscopy, but none of the endometrial cysts or intraluminal adhesions which were identified by endoscopy were determined by uterine biopsy, cytology and culture. In view of the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that in diagnosing endometritis, biopsy, cytology and culture of the endometrium is more diagnostic than endoscopy, but in differentiating gross pathological changes in the uterus such as intrauterine adhesions and endometrial cysts, endoscopy is more efficient.

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Adenomyosis is the invasion of endometrium into the myometrium, which could reduce fertility in cows. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the occurrence of adenomyosis and endometritis in dairy cows. Cows in the control group (n=33) had no uterine infection, while cows in the case group (n=37) had endometritis. To harvest uterine specimens, cows in both groups were subjected to uterine biopsy. The uterine specimens were fixed in 10 % formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and examined histopathologically. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of adenomyosis was 5.4 % (2/37) and 0 % (0/33) in cows with endometritis and control cows, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, the present study showed a numerically higher prevalence of adenomyosis in cows with endometritis.

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