Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) harms the quality of wheat by converting starch into sugar and decreasing the flour quality. Therefore, improving wheat genotypes for PHS is critical for Brazilian wheat breeding programs. The goals of this study were to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis of Brazilian wheat genotypes, aiming to increase genetic gains and to identify promising combinations capable of generating superior genotypes for grain yield and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance. The work was conducted in 2011 in Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil, under an experimental design of randomized blocks with three repetitions. The traits of eight parents and 56 wheat hybrids linked to pre-harvest sprouting and grain yield were evaluated. The presence of additive and nonadditive gene effects and maternal effects controlling pre-harvest sprouting tolerance in Brazilian wheats were observed in some combinations. The cultivars BRS 194, Frontana and Quartzo when used as parents contributed with additive and non-additive gene effects for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance in wheat. The parental Quartzo contributes with genes of additive and non-additive effects in the increase of grain yield. Combinations which include BRS 194, Frontana and Quartzo show effective ability of recovering high yield genotypes with pre-harvest sprouting tolerance.
©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 19 (4): gmr18597 T.A. da Silva et al. 2 texture (TEX) and glucose (GLUC); and moderate for secondary growth (GRO), shape (SHA), dry mass (DM), general appearance (APP), percentage of commercial tubers mass (PCM), curvature (CUR), size uniformity (SIU), shape uniformity (SHU)) and mean tuber mass (MTM). GLUC, SHA, TEX and APP showed superiority of the genotypic coefficient of variation (CVg) in relation to the residual coefficient of variation (CVe), for these characters. The highest CVg-CVe ratios were obtained for SIU, PCM, SHU, DM and GRO. In the light of this study, it is suggested that strong selection pressure can be applied to the characters GLUC, SHA, TEX and APP, and moderate selection pressure to SIU, PCM, SHU, DM, and GRO.
The knowledge of genetic parameters of traits, in early generation selection, is important for breeding programs to define strategies and obtain success. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of yield components and tuber appearance traits in early selection generations of potatoes and their implications in the selection process. Twelve segregating potato families originated from crosses between two groups of parents of the Embrapa potato breeding program were evaluated. Group 1 was formed by foreign potato parents: Pukara, Asterix, Rioja, and Caesar; and group 2, by national parents: Eliza, C1730-07-94, and C1750-15-95. The experiment was conducted in autumn seasons of 2012 and 2013. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Considering all traits together, Pukara/Eliza, Asterix/Eliza, and Rioja/Eliza families had the highest means on a large number of tuber appearance and yield traits. The results of this study suggest that selection may be applied with mild to moderate intensity in the seedling generation for skin texture, tuber general appearance, tuber number, average tuber weight and total tuber yield, based on the moderate to high heritability estimated on the seedling generation. The highest selection gains were for skin texture, tuber general appearance, tuber number, average tuber weight and total tuber yield.
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