Vesicoureteral reflux affects approximately 1% of newborns. Although most affected children show only sonographic evidence of renal pelvic dilatation, others may show overt hydronephrosis, indistinguishable from that seen in fetuses with obstructive uropathy. Hydronephrosis secondary to fetal vesicoureteral reflux cannot be differentiated on ultrasound examination from that resulting from lower obstructive uropathy with or without reflux. As renal damage from vesicoureteral reflux may occur in up to 70% of cases, early identification and possible in utero treatment of these fetuses may be warranted. We report a sonographic technique, vesicoinfusion, for diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux in utero. The accurate identification of vesicoureteral reflux in utero may have important diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Aim: Evaluate the serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Methods: Fifty-four serum samples were analyzed for VEGF concentrations (79.3% nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 20.7% small cell lung cancer). Results: Patients with serum VEGF-A levels higher than the mean of the patients studied (434.93 pg/mL) presented a shorter median survival time than those with lower levels (p = .04), as in patients with NSCLC tumors (p = .04) and in those with stages I-II (p < .05), and high serum VEGF-A levels. Conclusion: Elevated VEGF serum levels have a negative prognostic impact on survival in NSCLC and early stages of lung cancer patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.