This paper establishes a vigorous methodology, based on the fuzzy set theory, to improve the facilities layout process that has occupied scholars and practitioners for more than four decades. Fuzzy set theory is an appropriate 1001 which uses the natural language that humans use to control complex systems such as facilities planning. The closeness rating between departments in a plant depends on qualitative and quantitative factors. Sonie of these factors may have greater effect on the designer's decisions about such ratings. Thus, the pairwise comparison of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), which ensures the consistency of the designers' decisions when assigning the importance of one factor over another, is used to find the weights of these factors. FUZZY? a computer program developed based on the fuzzy decision-making system (FDMS) is used to generate the activity relationship charts. These charts are used by FZYCRLP. a modified version of CORELAP. to develop the layouts. FELAP. another program based on FDMS is used to evaluate the layouts. The new evaluation method uses [he distances and the relationships between departments to score the layout. The scoring system, which ranges from zero to ten (ten is the best possible score), can be used to evaluate and compare any layout regardless of the number of the departments and their size.
From 1973 to 1982, 189 patients were treated at the Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical Center for Stage C or D prostatic carcinoma. In eight of these cases (4.2%), there was clinical or pathological evidence for intracranial metastases. The condition of subdural neoplastic spread, not from contiguous bone, was identified in five cases, two of which were suspected before death. Four of these five patients were thrombocytopenic or pancytopenic at the time of the diagnosis. Intraparenchymal brain metastases were identified in six cases. Cerebellar, temporal bone, cavernous sinus, and splenium infiltration by tumor were unusual findings in individual cases. The results of chest x‐rays and respiratory status were poor predictors of lung metastases in four of five patients on whom autopsies were performed. This article describes the spectrum of radiographic and pathologic findings of intracranial prostatic carcinoma, and suggests that the likely mechanism of brain metastasis in these cases is by the dural veins and Virchow‐Robin spaces.
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