The effects of low doses of gamma irradiation on cotton, Gossypium barbadence kidney beans, Phasolus vulgaris were investigated. Seeds for each crop were irradiated with 4 doses of gamma radiation, 15, 25, 35 and 45 Kilo rad for cotton and 5, 10, 20 and 30 Kilo rad for kidney beans. Plants of the two crops were used to determine growth parameter. Since, kidney beans plants were negatively affected in the most of its growth parameter as a result of gamma radiation, and cotton plants were highly affected and clearly activated, therefore, the effects of gamma radiation on phenolic compounds and plant tolerance to pests were took place on cotton plants only. Increasing radiation dose obtained increase in number of phenolic compounds; eight different phenolic plants were detected in irradiated cotton plants. Feeding Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) larvae on irradiated cotton leaf, induced larval mortality with 100, 100, 73.3 and 85 % for the 15, 25, 35 and 45 Kilo rad treatments, respectively, compared with 20% for the larvae feed on control plants. On the other hand, irradiated cotton plants attract aphids compared with its abundance on control plants.
The Precambrian rocks in Wadi Fatirah-Wadi Abu Zawal area, Eastern Desert of Egypt, are crosscut by numerous post-orogenic dyke swarms. Image processing techniques are applied to the enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) data for lithological mapping and spectral characterization of these dyke swarms. Band ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) yield conspicuously effective results. Depending on mineralogical and geochemical data, two petrogenetic groups of dyke swarms have been recognized: the first group (mafic dykes) comprises basalt, basaltic andesite and andesite, while the second group (felsic dykes) corresponds to dacite and rhyolite in composition. The mafic dykes are tholeiitic to calc-alkaline, while the felsic dykes display significant calc-alkaline affinity. The Na2O, K2O, Ba, Y, Rb, Zr and Th contents increase from basic to acidic dykes and vice versa relative to CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Sr, V, Co and Ni contents. These dyke swarms have been emplaced in post-collisional, destructive plate margin settings during periods of extension. The basic dykes have characteristics of volcanic arc setting, whereas the acidic dykes display geochemical features of within plate rocks. The chemical differences between the mafic and felsic dyke swarms favor that the two groups of dyke swarms cannot be related to the same magma source, but they are formed from two different parental magmas.
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