Mycogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by some biocontrol agents have shown the ability to inhibit the growth of numerous plant pathogenic fungi, which may be a unique method of disease management. This study describes the extracellular production of AgNPs by Trichoderma harzianum. The size, shape, charge, and composition of the AgNPs were subsequently studied by UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, zeta potential, TEM, SEM, and EDX, among other methods. The AgNPs had sizes ranging from 6 to 15 nm. The antifungal activities of bio-synthesized AgNPs and two commercial fungicides (Moncut and Maxim XL) were tested against three soil-borne diseases (Fusarium fujikuroi, Rhizoctonia solani, and Macrophomina phaseolina). Cotton seedling illnesses were significantly reduced under greenhouse settings after significant in vitro antifungal activity was documented for the control of plant pathogenic fungi. The use of biocontrol agents such as T. harzianum, for example, may be a safe strategy for synthesizing AgNPs and using them to combat fungus in Egyptian cotton.
The molluscicidal activity of abamectin were assessed compared with methomyl against the most two abundant snail species brown garden snail (BGS) Eobania vermiculata and white garden snail (WGS) Theba pisana under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that LC50 values of methomyl were almost equal LC50 values of abamectin indicating more molluscicidal potency of abamectin and methomyl. Results also revealed a complete consistency of correlation between the LC50 values and exposed time intervals. The high molluscicidal activity of abamectin against E. vermiculata and T. pisana compared to methomyl using topical application technique could be used practically in the field of land snails control program and overcome some drawbacks of using bait forms in this respect. Comparing the LD50 values indicate the significant variation of the molluscicidal activity between the two applications methods used in addition to the variation between the two species of chosen snails, the brown garden snail E. vermiculata were resistant species than the white garden snail T. pisana.
Experiments were carried out during two successive years 2017 and 2018 in Qalubia (Kaha City-Tokh district) and Fayoum (Tamia district) Governorates. The aim was to study the correlation between the Field Nile Rat Arvicanthis niloticus (Desmart) population density and its active burrows per 100 m., in and around the field both and its damage to each of tomato, green pepper (Rumi), peas and squash in February and March. Results proved that the Field Nile Rat, Arvicanthis niloticus (Desmart) damage percentage, population density and number of the active burrowsper 100 m., in and around the field differs from crop to crop, from Governorate to Governorate and from month to anther during the repine stage. Also, the results obtained proved that there is a positive correlation between the rat damage percentages and each of population density of Rats and their active burrows per 100 m., in and around the field. The highest percentage of damage, number of active burrows and rat population density was recorded on tomato crop during March in Fayoum Governorate. Meanwhile, the lowest figures for Arvicanthis niloticus (Desmart) damage, population density and number of active burrows per 100 m., was recorded on green pepper (Rumi) during February in Qalubia Governorate.
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