This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author YE designed the study, performed the Hydrographic and Fluid Mud Surveys as well as the Hydrogeomorphologic analysis of the lake, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author AR wrote on the biological productivity and fishery potentials of the lake. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Bathymetric survey and mapping are important procedures for monitoring temporal changes in hydrogeomorphic characteristics of lakes. This study is the first ever carried out on the lakes, and as such provides relevant baseline information for current use and future studies. The studied lakes (Gwakra, Geriyo, Pariya-Ribadu and Pariya) were purposively selected for the study on the basis of size and relevance. The bathymetric survey was conducted by sounding rod method. Preparation of the Bathymetric Maps involved the application of GIS procedures. Morphometric parameters of the lakes were determined from prepared maps by direct measurements and mathematical computations using appropriate formulae. Information derived from the prepared maps revealed that the lakes are characterized by gentle Basin Slope and almost uniform bottom morphologies with slight ruggedness. Maximum Lengths of the lakes ranged from 0.89 (Pariya) to 3.14 m (Geriyo), while Maximum Widths ranged from 0.34 (Pariya) to 1.52 m (Gwakra). The lakes were also found to be generally shallow with mean dry season depths ranging from 0.40 to 1.33 m and volumes ranging from 0.17 to 1.12 mcm. The lakes were characterized by low Indices of Basin Permanence (0.04 to 0.27), indicating senescence and dominance by littoral plants. Relative depths were also very low (0.07 to 0.42), indicating high propensity of water mixing and circulation of dissolved Oxygen adequate enough to support biological productivity. Thus, the lakes are recommended for substantial fish farming and livestock production in the area. Proper management involving temporal morphological assessment of the lakes based on this study is also recommended for sustainable use.

The analyses of migration patterns and rates over time the mapping of Channel Migration Zones (CMZ) and are vital geomorphologic activities for policy making and management of riparian land uses in a river valley system. In this study, an assessment of recent (2006 -2021) Lateral Channel Migration of a segment of River Digil was conducted. The study focused on assessing the nature and magnitudes of lateral channel migration of the Digil River in the recent times, mapping out the CMZ and ascertaining the present and future implications of the channel migration process on the riparian land uses. The methodology employed the integrated approach of field studies, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) Analyses. Results showed a of 3.52m channel migration per year from 2006 to 2012 and 2.32m per year from 2012 to 2019. Though the rates were seemingly low were found threatening to riparian agricultural land uses and landed property within the migration corridor. The delineated CMZ covered a total area of 7.2 km2 and occupied mostly by farmland and few residential areas. Buffering and policies restricting developmental projects within the CMZ were recommended as measures for conservation and management.

This research aimed at assessing the drinking water quality of piped water distribution in Jimeta-Yola Adamawa State, Nigeria. The strategy was based on establishing the possibilities of contaminants underlying the distribution channels compromising the quality from the treatment source to the consumer point of use. Selected heavy metals and physiological parameters were determined toward establishing the water quality indices (WQI). Though, most of the parameter determined fell below or within the permissible limits (PL) set by WHO for drinking water, the results indicated significant (p<0.05) differences in the concentrations determined in the treatment plants (Yola treatment plant (YTP) and Jimeta treatment plant (JMTP)) with those at the consumer endpoints (YTPC and JMTPC). The results showed the WQI at the treatment plants being compromised due to the induction of pollutants across the distribution pipes. The water samples at the treatment point (JMTP) were excellent, having WQI <25 and good quality at YTP (25< WQI<50). However, the water quality on leaving the treatment source was observed to slightly change to poor quality at JMTPC (WQI= 57.00), and further observed to be in moderate-good quality at YTPC (WQI=49.27). Further analysis showed an increase in bacterial counts in the water samples at the consumer points.  Escherichia coli concentrations of 565 and 718 cfu /100 mL were detected in samples from YTPC and JMTPC, despite the fact the water was observed to be free from bacteria at the treatment plants.

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author EY designed the study, performed the hydrographic survey and the hydrogeomorphic analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author AR performed the limnologic analyses and discussion on the fisheries aspect of the study. Author AAV(jr) provided information on the study area and sociocultural relevance of the lake to the Bachama people. He also guided and contributed to the structure and content of the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.