Aim: This study aim to evaluate the modulatory effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Annona muricata against dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Methodology: Twenty-four (24) male albino rats divided into four (4) groups of six (6) rats each were used for the study. Group 1 served as control and was untreated, group 2 and 3 were pretreated with 400 mg/kg Annona muricata for one week while group 3 and 4 each received a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg DMN after one week. The rats were sacrificed 48 hrs after DMN administration.
This research aimed at investigating the in vivo Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-mediated hepatotoxicity of methanolic seed extract of Picralima nitida (P. nitida) using Wistar rats. Twenty five (25) rats randomly selected into five groups of five animals were used in this research. Group 1 was administered Normal saline (Negative control); Group II was administered 1 ml of Carbon tetrachloride only (Positive control/ Reference drug); Group III, IV and V got 10 ml P. nitida extract + 1ml Carbon tetrachloride; 100 ml P. nitida extract + 1ml Carbon tetrachloride and 1000 ml P. nitida extract + 1ml Carbon tetrachloride respectively. Results show that treatment with P. nitida extract had no adverse effect on the body weight of Wistar rats. Biochemical analysis show increase in CAT and GSH which are good antioxidant agents. Photomicrographs show moderate amelioration from steatosis caused by Carbon tetrachloride in the treatment groups. Further study is recommended to verify if P. nitida seed extract can completely ameliorate and possibly reverse fat degeneration of liver cells induced by Carbon tetrachloride.
In recent times, reproductive health has become a very key aspect of human health requiring a lot of attention. This is as a result of the various health and societal issues arising from deviations in reproductive health. Several individuals in the society today have one or more reproductive health concerns, including infertility, fertility regulation issues, sexually transmitted diseases, reproductive tract malignancies and many more. Medicinal plants have gained global acceptance and are now being used in the management of diseases, infections reproductive and public health concerns. This study was designed to investigate changes in the sperm parameters of adult male wistar rats exposed to aqueous flower extract of Aspilia africana including sperm count, morphology and motility. The results obtained revealed a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent reduction in the sperm count, progressive motility and morphological abnormalities in male rats given aqueous extract of A. africana flowers when compared with the control (74%). This shows that A. africana flowers may have herbal contraceptive effects and possible spermicidal potentials. Further study is therefore required to elucidate its mechanism of action.
Introduction: This is a descriptive study carried out in Owo Town, Ondo State, during the period of February (2015) to August (2015). Aim: The main purpose of carrying out this research work is to evaluate the cytomorphological features of urine smears (using papanicoulaou stain) among cigarette smokers in Owo town, Ondo State, Nigeria. Materials and Method: 250 subjects were used for this research work, 200 subjects were cigarette smokers while 50 subjects were non-cigarette smokers. The numbers of years of cigarette smoking were different and the numbers of cigarette sticks smoked per day were also variable among the test group. Individuals with urinary tract infection were not included in this research work and individuals with less than five (5) years of cigarette smoking were also not included in this research work. From each urine sample collected, smears were obtained from the sediments after centrifuging and were immediately fixed with a cytology-spray fixative for at least 30 minutes, before staining smears with Papanicolaou stain. Results and Discussion: The stained smears were examined under a light microscope and revealed a high cellular turnover among 70% of the test group when compared with the control group which are nonsmokers, showing few normal urothelia cells. Enlargement in nuclear cytoplasm ratio, irregular nuclear borders, necrosis, cluster of cells showing dysplastic changes, moderate haemorrhage, heavy infiltrates of inflammatory cells, hyperchromatism, pleomorphysms and neoplastic transformation were among the features observed in smears of the test group. Conclusion: On the basis of this research work, cigarette smoking has been seen to be one of the leading causes of renal diseases.
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