The development of rice field agriculture in Indonesia has entered the post green revolution phase. The sociotechnical changes occurred during the green revolution, the economic gap among farmers also ensued amid the increase in production while the social sustainability was maintained. The research purpose is to analyze the institutional adjustment conducted by the farmer society in facing the problems caused by green revolution in order to maintain the social sustainability. For the purpose mentioned above, the case study was carried out in a village in a center of green revolution. The result of the research shows that: (1) The sociotechnical changes had been taking place during the pre-green revolution era, green revolution, and post-green revolution in the form of land management, seeds procurement, planting and managing the crops, and harvest and post-harvest. The sociotechnical changes encouraged the increase in agricultural production in which created the gap between the affluent and the underprivileged in a village and had the potential to disturb the social sustainability of rice field agribusiness. (2) The institutional adjustment occurred in the sociotechnical changes in the forms of land ownership dynamics, employment dynamic and village’s new occupation dynamic. This institutional adjustment has the function to dampen the tension on the marginalized individual actor caused by the post green revolution new social structure. (3) The social sustainability in the rice field agriculture could be maintained because the social tension caused by the post green revolution social technical changes could be dampened by the institutional adjustment. The institutional adjustment by the village community contributed into the social sustainability of the rice field agribusiness.
The life of a farmer is very different due to the implementation of the mining policy. The purposes of this research were to know the actual condition of the community life of farmers in the ring area of the mine in District of Bahodopi and to analyze the impact of nickel mining and recommending policy management systems of natural resources that benefit the community of farmers. This approach used a descriptive qualitative approach by observation method with participation, in depth interviews, and documentation. For the data analysis stage of this research, namely data collection by specifying the informant through purposive sampling and continued with the reduction of the data by the method of presentation of data, and then snowball and the withdrawal of the conclusion. The results showed nickel mining has positive and negative impacts such as providing employment opportunities and business opportunities; food stalls, souvenir supplies business and housing, the conflict between farmers and companies that are triggered by a mudflow that cascaded into the farmland residents resulting in agricultural output that shrank, the majority of agricultural land is converted into mining areas so that the resulting loss of land as a source of intergenerational life, mining does not guarantee social welfare economic community of farmers. For farmers the presence of mine was certain will make an impact long term disaster. The Government should evaluate or review the return policy that has been applied as well as the effects of the current mining management, especially in matters related to agriculture or farmer's life.
All actions taken by farmers are not simply focused on benefits that can be obtained today. They also think about sustainability and the ability to make profits in the future. This study aims to discover the sustainability of the results of land conversion that has been carried out by the farmers in Tadokkong Village, Pinrang Regency. This research was conducted in Tadokkong Village, Lembang District, Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi. Data collection was gathered through interviews and questionnaires obtained from the farmers. Analysis of the data used in this study was descriptive qualitative. Data were processed using a Likert scale. The results of this research indicated the sustainability of land conversion derived from three dimensions. First, the economic aspect to see the benefits derived from land conversion. Second is the ecological dimension to see the impact on the environment and the last is the social dimension to know the relationship cooperation between the farmers.
Climate change and variability have affected people, especially in developing countries whose livelihood depends upon agriculture. Smallholder farmers in South Sulawesi are identified as particularly vulnerable with climate change impact and have limited knowledge on how to make production decisions in uncertain environment. The farmer’s perception and the impact of climate change are crucial factors that affect farm productivity and adaptation strategy. This study investigates the perceptions of farmers towards climate change and the impacts. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with a random sample of 120 smallholders’ farmers that were distributed into 4 districts in South Sulawesi. It was discovered that the majority of the respondents believed that climate change is real and about 83 percent of them acclaimed this phenomenon had caused negative effect on their livelihood. Some indications of the impact of climate change include increasing temperatures, and long dry seasons that had reduced rain-fed rice production. The results also indicate that pests and plant diseases had elevated in several places due to uncertain weather. In addition, climate change had influenced the availability of water sources. Hence, policy implications are that appropriate strategies are crucial to help farmers make adaptation choices in this situation.
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