This study investigates the effects of different temperatures on the total carbohydrate, lipid and protein amounts of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say, which is a common cereal pest. Studies have been carried out under laboratory conditions at 20 +/- 2 degrees C, 30 +/- 2 degrees C and 60 +/- 5% relative humidity. No specific photoperiodic regimen has been used throughout the study. Total carbohydrate, protein and lipid amounts for females at 20 degrees C were 61.74, 35.77 and 83.79 microg/individual, respectively, whereas the amounts for males were 34.94, 29.53 and 57.98 microg/individual, respectively. At 30 degrees C, total carbohydrate, protein and lipid amounts for females were 92.00, 42.18 and 83.26 microg/individual, respectively. The amounts at the same temperature for males were 43.34, 34.08 and 52.19 microg/individual, respectively. In both sexes, total carbohydrate and protein amounts at 30 degrees C were higher than those at 20 degrees C whereas this was not true for total lipid amounts.

Low temperatures affect many life history traits of insects. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of duration of cold exposure on the length of Tenebrio molitor’s pupal period, proportion of adult emergence, adult weight and proportion of deformed adults. The trials were conducted in a laboratory in constant conditions with wheat flour and whole-wheat flour meal were used as food. Cold-exposed groups were achieved by exposing pupae taken on the first day after pupation for 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days at +4 °C. The results showed that as the period of cold increased, pupal period extended and proportion of deformed adults increased whereas there were no or less straightforward effects on adult weights and proportion of emerged adults, respectively

Denemelerde değirmen güvesi Ephestia kuehniella kullanıldı. Denemeler 28°C, 65±5 sıcaklık ve nem şartlarında ve devamlı karanlık koşullarda yapıldı. Besin olarak buğday unu, mısır unu, rüşeym katkılı un ve rüşeym kullanıldı. Belirtilen besinlerde yetiştirilen larva, pup ve ergin dişi ile erkeklerden 3'er tekrar olmak üzere 40 birey alındı. Toplamda her bir deneme için 120 birey kullanıldı. Toplam lipit ve toplam yağ asitlerinin özütlenmesinde Folch vd. [8]'nin geliştirdikleri yöntem uygulandı. Denemeler sonucunda en ağır larva mısır ununda, pup rüşeym katkılı unda, dişi buğday ununda, erkek ise rüşeymde yetiştirilenlerde bulundu. Total lipit larvada en fazla buğday ununda, pup, dişi ve erkekte mısır ununda yetiştirilenlerde tespit edildi. Total yağ asidi ise larva ve pupta en fazla mısır ununda, dişi ve erkekte ise rüşeym katkılı unda yetiştirilenlerde bulundu. Değerler arasındaki farklar genellikle istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi.

The ever-increasing world population indicates that it is inevitable to consider insects such as Tenebrio molitor, which are used as live feed and even human food in some countries, as an alternative food source. Especially T. molitor larvae are a source of food with high nutritive value for including high lipid and protein. This study seeks answer to the question "will the insect continue to keep its lipid sources during the periods in which it is kept in the cold, or will it continue to use its energy sources since the physiological adaptations it develops are not enough?" The main material of this study was T. molitor cultures. Flour: wheat flour (250 g: 250 g) in a ratio of 1:1 was used as food. 25 g wheat germ and 5 g dry yeast was put in it. Larvae at stages 13-15 th were grouped as control and trial groups and kept for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days at specified temperatures. The weights, total lipid content and percentages of the larvae whose storage period was over were determined. This study evaluates the total lipid amount and percentages of T. molitor larvae stored in refrigerator for different periods. Total lipid amount and percentages of the larvae stored in the cold for 5, 10 and 15 days were found to be higher when compared with the control group. A tendency to decrease was observed in larvae kept for 20 days. As a result, it is recommended for producers not to keep in the refrigerator for more than 15 days. Otherwise, it should be considered that there may be a decrease in important energy and food sources.

Effects of cold storage on the developmental biology of Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at different larval stages Soğukta depolamanın farklı dönemlerdeki Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvalarının gelişimsel biyolojisine etkileri

Insect pests of stored products are organisms that damage agricultural products in fields or warehouses and cause a lot of product loss. For this reason, it is an important problem to protect the products in warehouses after harvest. Producers and researchers try many chemical methods to prevent this damage in warehouses. However, in recent years, as the harm of these chemicals to the environment and mammalian health has been understood, researchers have been trying to find different methods. Insects develop more and more resistance to these chemicals, as they adapt to the environment very quickly. For this reason, the biology and physiology of insects must be well known before the fight against these insects. The better the biology and physiology of these insects are known, the more new methods can be developed for integrated control methods against this insect. Since insects are poicliothermic, that is, dependent on changes in environmental temperatures, temperature is very important in their development. Another factor affecting the developmental stages of the insect is nutrient. Temperature and food together can limit insect developmental stages. While high temperatures prolong developmental stages, they can have the opposite effect on longevity. Or, insects feeding on poor quality nutrient can affect egg size, adult size, or horn and cuticle development, as seen in some Coleopters. In this review study, the effects of temperature and nutrient on the biology and physiology of storage product pest Coleopters were evaluated.

The aim of this study is to find out whether there is chemical and microbiological degradation in the samples taken from fresh water sources near and far from high voltage lines. The samples were taken from Erfelek Meydan Village location Karasu River, Ayancık Tevfikiye Village location Zindan Brook, Ayancık Türkeli road junction Ayancık Brook, Durağan Yalnız Kavak location Gökırmak Water, Durağan-Boyabat Yalnız Kavak location Gökırmak water and Boyabat Sinecan Village location Kırkgeçit Brook in Sinop province of Turkey. Na + , K + , Cl-, pH and conductivity analysis were conducted chemically, while microbiological tests were made against Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria. All the results obtained were assessed according to 06.07.2019 dated and 30823 numbered 'Legislation on the quality and treatment of water from which drinking water is obtained' in T. C. Official Gazette. With this study, it can be said that high voltage lines in the province of Sinop do not have a significant effect on fresh water sources. Na + , K + , Clgave results in expected levels and conductivity gave results directly proportional to pH. In microbiological test results, Escherichia coli and coliform bacterial growth was found, while no microbiological degradation was found.

With the discovery that the larvae of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) have a high protein and lipid content in recent years, they are grown in mass as additive feed or live feed. However, one of the most common problems faced by producers in production facilities is cannibalism, which occurs as a result of population density. For this reason, especially when the population is very dense, producers separate the insects that are in the pupa or larvae stage from the culture and keep them in coolers such as refrigerators. Then, when needed, they take the insects out of the refrigerator and use them. However, because insects are ectotherm organisms, their life cycles are extremely dependent on temperature. Although the cold storage method extends the shelf life of insects, exposing them to low temperatures for long periods can both damage their life cycle and significantly affect their lipid and protein content. In this study, the effects of cold storage on total lipid content, total lipid percentage and cannibalism rate of T. molitor larvae, pupae and adults were evaluated. In first stage of the study, the larvae were fed until they weighed 100-190 mg (larval stages 12-17). Afterwards, they were randomly selected and exposed to cold for 10, 20 and 30 days. In the second stage of the study, the larvae were exposed to cold for 10, 20 and 30 days after pupation. Then, they were put under normal laboratory conditions and their development was expected to be completed, and lipid analyzes were made and cannibalism rates were checked. As a result, as the duration of exposure to cold increased, the total lipid content and percentages decreased in the larvae of the unfed control group, while it increased or remained constant in the unfed and cold-exposed group. In addition, cannibalism was observed in T. molitor adults when they werent fed, that is, in cases of hunger and thirst.