Instruments of marketing management and techniques of credit supp ort should be aimed at providing sustainable development of large industrial enterprises as well as at creation of effective systems of corporate governance on the basis of integration of service and knowledge-based technologies. Development of industrial technologies and modernization of financial services assumes formation and improvement of adaptable marketing model of technological development of the industrial policy. It is also considered to be aimed at technological development of large industrial companies which demand of credit and finance and organizational support in current economic, institutional and geopolitical context in Russia.
Ground vehicles are the main sources of noise and infrasounds in residential areas. Numerous published works are devoted to the studies of audible sound, its sources in vehicle, and development of measures to its reduction. The authors believe that the problem of infrasound occurrence and propagation in residential areas and-hence-its negative impact on humans and ambient environment is underestimated. Development of predictions and experimental methods of studying the infrasound generating mechanism and environmental monitoring of this negative factor are an urgent issue. A significant portion of acoustic emission from a vehicle comprises infrasound and low frequency range. Internal and external infrasound of vehicle were measured. A prediction model was proposed and the influence of vehicle design features on the infrasound level was estimated. Predictions of the external infrasound generating the mechanism of vehicles reveal that its frequency and level depend on driving speed, drag coefficient, vehicle body length, and Strouhal number Wheels, which execute rotation and progressive movement in airstream, are important sources of vehicle infrasound. Five wheel harmonics were calculated for motor vehicles at various driving speeds, the existing dependences are detected. It was demonstrated that the regulatory levels of infrasound can be exceeded only in residential areas adjacent to traffic flow with driving speeds higher than 80 km/h. The results of field studies of infrasound level on the streets of Moscow were presented. Recommendations on the development of environmental monitoring and main approaches to reduce infrasound in urban environment were given.
Improved comfort of urban environment is inseparably related with consumption and transfer of various types of energy for illumination and heating of buildings, provision of radio and TV broadcasts, mobile communications and transport. Energy transfer is accompanied by generation of electric fields, which propagate in ambient environment and affect human and biota. In this regard, the safety of urban environment becomes more and more urgent issue, especially along highways. This work describes a risk-oriented approach to analysis and estimation of risks of electromagnetic safety of urban territories with consideration for combined action of electromagnetic fields of various frequency range on humans. The authors have analyzed electromagnetic pollution from three most common sources of exposure, and the territories of urban environment have been selected with the highest level of electromagnetic hazard for population. Application of risk-oriented approach to estimation of electromagnetic hazard demonstrates the necessity of improvement of valid normalization system with accounting for simultaneous impact of electromagnetic fields from several sources on human and environment, which would provide development of more efficient measures of city population protection against this negative factor.
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