Background. The problem of finding new effective plant protection products remains an urgent task of modern agrochemistry. It is known that tetrahydropyridine derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity, including fungicidal activity. However, compounds with potential biological activity can also be highly toxic to humans, cultivated crops, and the environment as a whole, so it is necessary to study their environmental safety. The content of photosynthetic pigments and ascorbic acid are one of the most important biochemical indicators of plant response to environmental stress factors, therefore, determining their amount helps to assessthe physiological state of plants and analyze the toxicity of the synthesized compounds. Purpose. To study the effect of new 6-R-3,5-dinitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines on the content of photosynthetic pigments and ascorbic acid in plant tissues in order to assess the safety of their use as potential plant protection products. Materials and methods. The test compounds were obtained by the previously developed method for the selective reduction of 2-R-3,5-dinitropyridines. Winter wheat seeds of the Moskovskaya 39 variety were germinated in Petri dishes using solutions of the synthesized substances. Seeds germinated in water were used as controls. On the ninth day, the content of various groups of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a, b, carotenoids), as well as ascorbic acid in plant tissues was determined. All experiments were carried out in triplicate. In addition, the analytes were tested for toxicity using the GUSAR Environmental Toxicity software. Results. The effect of new derivatives of tetrahydropyridine on the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and ascorbic acid in plant tissues of winter wheat was studied. It was shown that the studied compounds do not have a significant toxic effect on plants. Conclusion. As a result of studying the effect of new 6-R-3,5-dinitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines on the content of photosynthetic pigments and ascorbic acid, as well as in silico computer prediction in GUSAR Environmental Toxicity, it was found that, in general, the studied compounds are relatively safe and, therefore, promising for further testing as biologically active plant protection products.
Background. Anthropogenic impact on agricultural areas leads to pollution of environmental objects, as well as to an increase in the resistance of pathogens to modern means of protection. One of the ways to solve these problems is the development of new drugs based on colloidal solutions of metals synthesized by the “green synthesis” method using aqueous extracts of medicinal plants from central Russia. The biological activity of metal nanoparticles obtained using plant extracts is currently being actively studied in relation to various biological objects. It is advisable to study the effect of iron colloids obtained with the help of an aqueous extract of the common mantle on the growth and development of wheat plants, as well as on phytopathogen fungi, the causative agents of the main diseases of agricultural plants. Purpose. To study the biological activity of iron colloids synthesized on the basis of aqueous extracts of the common cuff. To establish the effect of iron nanoparticles on the growth and development of wheat plants, and to study the fungicidal effect of colloids on pathogenic fungi. Materials and methods. Iron colloids were obtained from plant extracts of various dilutions and iron salt solution. The content of sugars, tannins and dyes, photosynthetic pigments, vegetable protein, flavonoids and ascorbic acid was determined in the composition of the common cuff. The influence of iron colloids on the growth and development of agricultural plants was studied by analyzing the seed germination energy and biometric parameters of wheat germs treated with initial extracts and synthesized colloids. The fungicidal activity of common mantle extracts and iron colloids synthesized on their basis was studied in vitro on the following fungi – phytopathogens: F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum, V. inaequalis, R. solani, B. sorokiniana, P. ostreatus and A. alternata. Results. Growth-stimulating activity is exhibited by aqueous extracts of the common cuff of an average degree of dilution and iron colloids synthesized on their basis. Only extracts of the common cuff have fungistatic properties in relation to the fungus B. sorokiniana. Conclusion. Biological activity is shown by extracts of medium dilution and colloids synthesized on their basis. In further research on this topic, it is advisable to study the effect of various variations in salt and extract concentrations on the manifestation of fungicidal and growth-stimulating activity.
Background. Pyridine derivatives are widely used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemistry, as well as in the production of new materials. The pyridine and piperidine rings are the main structural fragments of numerous natural alkaloids with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Many of these alkaloids have anticancer and anti-neurological and other medical activities and continue to be valuable research subjects to stimulate drug discovery. Highly efficient methods for the synthesis of various pyridine derivatives and piperidine enantiomers will continue to be in high demand. In this regard, the analysis and systematization of the main results of studies on the synthesis of nitropyridines is an urgent task. Purpose. To summarize and systematize the main methods for the synthesis of pyridine nitro derivatives from the beginning of the last century to the present. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal of the study, a review of the scientific literature on the main methods of obtaining nitropyridines was carried out. Results. This literature review presents the results of experimental studies on the synthesis of pyridine nitro derivatives starting from the first half of the 20th century and up to the present time. Conclusion. Thus, it was possible to summarize the scattered but rather extensive factual material accumulated to date on the preparation of pyridine nitro derivatives. Several main approaches to the synthesis are considered, starting from aliphatic compounds, by nitration of pyridine and its derivatives, as well as by oxidation of aminopyridines.
ackground. The problem of finding new effective fungicides for agriculture remains an urgent task of modern agrochemistry. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that, on the one hand, over the years, there has been an ever wider spread of fungi-phytopathogens, due to the intensification of agricultural production, and, on the other hand, there is an increase in the resistance of pathogens of fungal diseases to the available fungicides. This study is devoted to the study of the fungicidal activity of new derivatives of 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane – 7-R-1,5-dinitro-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-ones. It is known that 3,7-diazabicyclononane derivatives have versatile biological activity, including showing antibacterial and fungicidal action. Previously obtained 7-R-1,5-dinitro-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-ones were studied for the manifestation of fungicidal activity in vitro in relation to phytopathogenic fungi of various taxonomic classes, which are the main cause diseases of agricultural crops. Purpose. To investigate the fungicidal activity of new derivatives of 7-R-1,5-dinitro-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-ones on various phytopathogenic fungi, causative agents of the main fungal diseases of agricultural plants. Materials and methods. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for fungicidal activity against seven fungi-phytopathogens of various taxonomic classes: V. inaequalis is the causative agent of apple scab, F. moniliforme is the main cause of fusarium diseases of cereal crops, R. solani is the causative agent of rhizoctonia, F. oxysporum, B sorokiniana - cause root rot, S. sclerotiorum is the causative agent of white rot, and P. ostreatus is the causative agent of tree stem rot. To determine the radial growth of mycelium, the fungal cultures were inoculated in agar nutrient medium with the addition of the test substance. The effective concentration of the drug in the sample was 30 mg/l. The suppression of fungal mycelium growth was calculated as a percentage using the Abbott`s formula. Measurements were carried out on the 3rd day. Commercial fungicides were selected as a comparison standard from the list of drugs presented in the State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation. Results. Most of the studied substances exhibit fungicidal activity. Some compounds have a pronounced fungicidal activity comparable to Russian commercial fungicides. Conclusion. Thus, when studying the fungicidal activity of new 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (bispidines) – 7-R-1,5-dinitro-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-ones on various fungi-phytopathogens, it was shown that some of the obtained compounds have pronounced fungicidal activity and are promising for further testing.
Background. Pyridines are one of the most common heterocycles, the derivatives of which are widely used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemistry, and also in the production of new materials. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the chemical behavior of various pyridine derivatives will continue to be an urgent task of organic chemistry. This literature review is devoted to the systematization and analysis of the chemical properties of pyridine nitro derivatives, starting from the first half of the 20th century and up to the present. The paper considers both reactions proceeding through the nitro group (reduction under the action of various chemical agents, substitution, condensation) and reactions through the pyridine cycle. The main areas of application of nitropyridines are also shown. Purpose. Generalize and systematize the main types of reactions characteristic of nitropyridines, show the features of their chemical properties associated with the transformation of the nitro group, its effect on the mobility of substituents in the pyridine ring, as well as on the activity of the heterocycle as a whole. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal of the study, a review of the scientific literature was made on the main types of chemical reactions characteristic of pyridine nitro derivatives and the most significant areas of their application. Results. This paper summarizes the results of experimental studies on the chemical properties and application of nitropyridines from the beginning of the last century to the present. Conclusion. Thus, as a result of the analysis of sources devoted to the chemical properties and application of nitropyridines, a brief literature review was compiled, including the main types of reactions characteristic of the compounds under study, and their main areas of application were identified.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.