Expression of inducible NO-synthase mRNA and myocardial infiltration with neutrophils were studied in rats with modeled permanent ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion models. Expression of inducible NO synthase mRNA in the ischemic region increased significantly in 3, 3.5, and 4 h in modeled ischemia/reperfusion and in 3.5 and 4 h in permanent ischemia. Myocardial infiltration with neutrophils was significantly higher than in intact controls throughout the experiment without significant intergroup differences. In non-ischemic myocardium, enhanced expression of inducible NO synthase mRNA and moderate neutrophilic-lymphocytic myocardial infiltration were also observed in 3.5, and 4 h after ischemia.
We have reviewed current understanding of ischemic brain damage and the main therapeutic approaches. Pathological factors affecting the survival of neurons and glial cells in the focus of ischemia are outlined: depolarization, cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, calcium overload, excitotoxicity, inflammation, free radical damage. Effective and rapid reperfusion significantly improves patient’s survival and functional outcomes, but other approaches to brain infarction treatment did not approve their effectiveness in large clinical trials. Dozens of drugs (neuroprotectors) are being studied in order to compensate isolated pathological brain ischemia pathways and to increase cellular survival, but they were ineffective in large clinical trials.The reason for the ineffectiveness of neuroprotective drugs may be a lack of understanding of the drug targets real importance. Many drugs that have shown promising results in preclinical studies have not been studied in large clinical trials until now. Additional pathogenetic mechanisms revealed in the last decade expand our knowledge about the brain infarction and may become promising directions for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
In the work, studies were carried out related to the safety of vaccines inactivated against mastitis and endometritis when administered to cattle. It has been shown that the introduction of the vaccine is easily tolerated by target animals of different ages when administered once and twice in the recommended and doubled doses. Injection of the drug in experimental animals does not cause any problems or systemic adverse reactions. The conducted studies confirm the safety of the vaccine against mastitis and endometritis in cattle and allow us to start studying its specific effectiveness.
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