Purpose of Study: The present paper presents the results of a comparative legal analysis of constitutions of the CIS-member states in order to identify a standard catalog of judicial power principles in them, considering their interpretation as a set of fundamental principles determining the institutional and procedural aspects of judicial power. There is a lack of unity in the institutional and procedural aspects of the considered fundamental ideas together with a unified approach to the formation of a principles catalog for the judiciary in the focus group of constitutions. Methodology: The present study was based on a rational approach to the disclosure of legal phenomena and processes, using general (system, logical, analysis and synthesis) scientific and private scientific methods. Among the latter are the formal legal, linguistic legal, comparative legal, collectively used to identify the judiciary principles. Results: The identified standard list of constitutional principles of the judiciary in the CIS countries is presented. It includes the justice administration only by the court, organization legality and judiciary activities, prohibition of creation of emergency courts, independence, interaction, inadmissibility of interference with judiciary implementation, openness, competitiveness and equality of the parties, the state language of legal proceedings, cooperation and unity of procedure, court decisions, and state funding of courts Implications/Applications: The comparative legal analysis, with a unified approach to the formation of the list of principles of the judiciary in the focus group of Constitutions, the lack of unity in institutional and procedural aspects of the fundamental ideas can be still stated. We believe that this discrepancy mediates the integration of the considered principles in the judiciary’s framework.
статья посвящена описанию содержания научной дискуссии относительно объема значений понятия социальности государства как одной из основ конституционного строя современного демократического правового государства и как конституционно-правового принципа с учетом подходов зарубежных ученых. Цель: исследовать различные подходы к определению понятия социального государства. Методы: методологическую основу данного исследования составляют совокупность методов научного познания, среди которых основное место занимают методы историзма, системности, анализа и сравнительноправовой. Результаты: выявлено отсутствие в научной литературе универсального и точного определения понятия социального государства, а также причины данного отсутствия. Выводы: определены основные дискуссионные моменты относительно понятия социального государства, аспекты и принципы социального государства, обусловленные сложностью и неоднозначностью социальности государства в общем объеме конституционно-правовых характеристик и основ конституционного строя, а также разнообразием моделей социального государства, существующих в мировом правопорядке. Ключевые слова: социальное государство; социальность государства; конституционное право; основа конституционного строя; конституционно-правовой принцип; государство благосостояния Социальное государство в конституционном праве: к вопросу о дискуссии относительно понятия
The present study examines the constitutional principle of "social statehood" in Canada, considering the implemented model of a social state. The method and characteristics of securing a state's social guarantees are set out in the Canadian Constitution. Based on the analysis of the law, the authors concluded about the social characteristics of this state in Canada. By analyzing the reflection of the principle of "government sociality" in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Canada, the authors summarized its impact on the problems of a welfare state.
Coercive authority is central to the law inforcement, and the discretionary use of police authority is a decision-making process, as officers evaluate the situations in which they intervene and choose a course of action from among a set of alternatives. This article investigates the analytical and synthesis aspects of a wide range of sources, considering law enforcement from a dual perspective: as legal discretion and as a kind of legal process. This research applied the classical methodology of qualitative analysis of systems and processes, in particular, a system-analytical approach to the study of research objects. In conclusion, the role of law enforcement in the modern state-legal reality and the place of mandatory features of the legal process in the law enforcement structure is presented. Based on the study, it can be stated that The role of the procedural form is primarily that following its requirements will guarantee the objectivity and efficiency of law enforcement.
This article presents the results of a comparative legal study of the texts of the constitutions of African states with a view to identifying the rules that minimize human rights risks. The research is based on a dialectical approach to the disclosure of legal phenomena and processes using general scientific (systematic and logical methods, analysis and synthesis) and specific scientific methods. African constitutions, in comparison with the constitutions of other states, and in particular European ones, contain a disproportionately large number of rules formalizing special human rights institutions. Typically, these are special councils, human rights commissions (Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia) or certain categories of the population (three in Egypt, three in Morocco, one in the Central African Republic). In Morocco and Equatorial Guinea, both the Mediator and the Public Defender are established, respectively. The relevance of the study is due to the strategic objectives of creating a secure human rights status of the state, as well as the need to find and update theoretical, methodological, and practical approaches to protecting the rights and freedoms of a human and a citizen. Considering the rules of the African constitutional model of minimizing risks to human right advocacy, objectively in terms of quantity and quality, are considered hyperbolic.
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