The article describes the approach to a substantiation of a choice of machines systems for wood harvesting, based on simulation modeling of manufacturing processes using Petri nets. Selection of groups of sites with relatively similar conditions from the point of view of technological process of timber harvesting is justified. The results of performed field investigations, modeling and improvement of processes on the example of one model cutting area are given. Simulation results showed that under the conditions of considered cutting area average productivity of forwarder is slightly higher than possible performance of the harvester under given conditions, which leads to forced outages of forwarder, which account for about 12% of time. When modeling, distribution of forwarder' down time and allocation of its working time on the transaction is given. As a result of performed study it was recommended to replace forwarder Komatsu 890.3 by more light and economical forwarder Komatsu 860.4. Simulation performed after making the model changes, showed that in this case forwarder's down time is reduced from 12% to 8%. Taking into account lower costs of buying and maintenance of this forwarder, as well as lower fuel consumption, it was determined that in the case of proposed option, it will possible to reduce the specific costs for procurement of one cubic meter of wood 274.7 to 266.7 RUB, i.e. by 3.1%. Thus, in solution of real industrial problem, the effectiveness of the proposed approach to the assessment of options for the acquisition of systems of machines for wood harvesting has been proven.
The article is devoted to the description of the solution of the problem of substantiating the technology of wood harvesting, using simulation modeling of production processes on Petri nets. The possibility of using specially developed simulation models for the operation of forestry machine complexes consisting of a harvester and forwarder is con-sidered, not only for making decisions on the choice of machines for the formation of complexes, but also for justifying technological solutions. The solution of the problem is described in the example of a plot of irregular shape with a long trail of considerable length. The basis of the used approach is the use of the method of discrete-event simulation on Petri nets. The results of field research, modeling and improvement of the technological process are given. The results of the simulation has showed that the forwarder is loaded unevenly under the conditions of the considered cutting area . The simple of this machine was 24.5 hours or 7% of the time. A down-time of harvester was 9 hours or 3%. As a result of analyzing the simulation of the machine downtime distribution over time, it was found that this was due to the constantly decreasing forwarder performance, due to the increasing distance of skidding. As a result of the carried out research, it has been recommended to make a change in the technology for the development of the cutting area, consisting in the fact that the harvester does not start with the apiaries which are close to the loading platform, but from distant ones at the end of the main line. Modeling performed after the introduction of changes into the model has showed that in case of a shift to the proposed technology for cutting logging, productivity of harvester + forwarder machine complex can be increased by 2.3% by reducing the total downtime of the machines. It is possible to recommend the use of such technology in case of logging sites with a long haul of considerable length. Thus, when solving the real production problem, the effectiveness of the proposed approach to the evaluation of options for technological solutions for logging
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