В статье рассматривается роль геополитического фактора в современной российской политике. Анализируется актуальность геополитических проблем и приоритетов в становлении и развитии современной России. Рассмотрены ее основные геостратегические приоритеты на современном этапе. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что перечень приоритетов России в дальнейшем будет претерпевать изменения, причем в процессе его формирования крайне важно сочетать геополитические и цивилизационные принципы.
Objective. The main objective of this study is to analyze the images of the West in Russian political discourse and Russia’s strategy in relations with the West. This problem remains in the focus of attention not only of domestic scientists, but also of foreign researchers, including J.D. Bryan, B. Pudełko, Sh.W. Rivera, A. Segrillo. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the presence of three main civilizational and geopolitical images of the West in domestic socio-political thought is ascertained. The first of these is the image of a civilizational leader, first formulated in the works of Westernizers of the 19th century. The second approach involves the recognition of the image of a unique, but not universal civilization - it is characteristic of one of the founders of the civilizational approach N.Y. Danilevsky. The image of the West as a civilization hostile to Russia was also formed, the ideological roots of which are the views of the Slavophiles. These images also predetermined various strategies in relation to the West: rapprochement, the formation of one’s own civilization and opposition to the West. In the politics of tsarist Russia, the image of the West as a whole was not formulated. In Soviet doctrine, the West was identified with the system of capitalism and was considered as a class adversary, peaceful coexistence with which was interpreted as a form of class struggle. The modern political doctrine reflects the contradictory image of the West as a partner and rival, the strategy of relations with which includes both cooperation and rivalry. Originality/value: In the work an attempt is made to compare the images of the West in Russian socio-political and official-state discourses.
Objective. The main goal of this work is to analyze the main conceptual approaches to the problem of the historical path of Russia both in the field of theory and in official politics. This problem has been central in the domestic political and socio-philosophical discourse for many centuries. In recent years, there has been a noticeable interest in this topic by foreign authors, including A. Lynch, С. Miller, K.J. Mjor, A. Segrillo. Conclusions. In domestic science, there are three main conceptual approaches to the problem of the historical path of Russia: A universal (main) path, a unique (distinctive) path and an integral path. All these approaches at different historical stages of the development of the Russian state to a certain extent influenced state policy. The strongest influence on politics was exerted by the Marxist-Leninist concept of the transition from capitalism to socialism, which was viewed as the path of human development. The radical political and economic reforms of the 1990s were accompanied by a change in the concept of the main path: The path to democracy and a market economy was considered as such. The new concept at the political level combined universal human values and Russian traditions. As a result, reforms aimed at the transition to democracy and a market economy were accompanied by a change in the concept of the main path of humanity and the recognition of the need for Russia to accept universal human values while preserving domestic traditions. Originality/value. The paper attempts to compare three possible ways of Russia's development and to trace the mechanisms of their implementation in practical politics.
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