Об авторе: доленко дмитрий владимирович, доктор политических наук, заведующий кафедрой регионоведения и политологии Историко-социологического института ФГБОу ВПО «Мордовский государственный университет им. Н. П. Огарёва» (г. Саранск, россия),
Introduction. The study of the civilizational development stages of Russia is relevant due to the increasing role of the civilization factor in the modern multi-civilization world. The analysis of the scientific literature on the civilizational development of Russia shows that views on the nature of Russian civilization are pluralistic. The aim of the work is to analyze the historical stages of the civilizational development of Russia. The main tasks include the analysis of the Orthodox, Soviet and modern Russian civilization, their role in the multi-civilization world. Materials and Methods. The theoretical civilization model of S. Huntington is used as a theoretical and methodological basis for the analysis of the Russian civilization. To identify the stages of formation of the Russian civilization, historical, comparative, institutional and structural-functional methods were used. Results. From the point of view of its civilization development, Russia has gone through three stages: the formation of an Orthodox civilization, Soviet and Modern. Orthodox civilization was the core of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious cultural community of the Russian Empire. Its unique qualities did not predetermine confrontation and hostility towards the states of other civilizations. The Soviet civilization was formed as a result of state policy on the basis of communist ideology. It was in confrontation with the capitalist states of other (primarily Western) civilizations. The modern civilization of Russia is formed on the basis of the historical cultures of the peoples of Russia and the institutions of a democratic state of law. Its characteristic features create the possibility of cooperation with other civilizations of the modern world. Discussion and Conclusions. The civilizational development of Russia includes three stages, within which three different civilizations were formed: Orthodox, Soviet and Modern. Throughout its history, Russia has interacted with its surrounding countries and carried out a cultural and civilizational exchange with them. In most cases, this exchange was peaceful and mutually beneficial.
В статье рассматривается роль геополитического фактора в современной российской политике. Анализируется актуальность геополитических проблем и приоритетов в становлении и развитии современной России. Рассмотрены ее основные геостратегические приоритеты на современном этапе. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что перечень приоритетов России в дальнейшем будет претерпевать изменения, причем в процессе его формирования крайне важно сочетать геополитические и цивилизационные принципы.
Objective. The main objective of this study is to analyze the images of the West in Russian political discourse and Russia’s strategy in relations with the West. This problem remains in the focus of attention not only of domestic scientists, but also of foreign researchers, including J.D. Bryan, B. Pudełko, Sh.W. Rivera, A. Segrillo. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the presence of three main civilizational and geopolitical images of the West in domestic socio-political thought is ascertained. The first of these is the image of a civilizational leader, first formulated in the works of Westernizers of the 19th century. The second approach involves the recognition of the image of a unique, but not universal civilization - it is characteristic of one of the founders of the civilizational approach N.Y. Danilevsky. The image of the West as a civilization hostile to Russia was also formed, the ideological roots of which are the views of the Slavophiles. These images also predetermined various strategies in relation to the West: rapprochement, the formation of one’s own civilization and opposition to the West. In the politics of tsarist Russia, the image of the West as a whole was not formulated. In Soviet doctrine, the West was identified with the system of capitalism and was considered as a class adversary, peaceful coexistence with which was interpreted as a form of class struggle. The modern political doctrine reflects the contradictory image of the West as a partner and rival, the strategy of relations with which includes both cooperation and rivalry. Originality/value: In the work an attempt is made to compare the images of the West in Russian socio-political and official-state discourses.
Objective. The main goal of this work is to analyze the main conceptual approaches to the problem of the historical path of Russia both in the field of theory and in official politics. This problem has been central in the domestic political and socio-philosophical discourse for many centuries. In recent years, there has been a noticeable interest in this topic by foreign authors, including A. Lynch, С. Miller, K.J. Mjor, A. Segrillo. Conclusions. In domestic science, there are three main conceptual approaches to the problem of the historical path of Russia: A universal (main) path, a unique (distinctive) path and an integral path. All these approaches at different historical stages of the development of the Russian state to a certain extent influenced state policy. The strongest influence on politics was exerted by the Marxist-Leninist concept of the transition from capitalism to socialism, which was viewed as the path of human development. The radical political and economic reforms of the 1990s were accompanied by a change in the concept of the main path: The path to democracy and a market economy was considered as such. The new concept at the political level combined universal human values and Russian traditions. As a result, reforms aimed at the transition to democracy and a market economy were accompanied by a change in the concept of the main path of humanity and the recognition of the need for Russia to accept universal human values while preserving domestic traditions. Originality/value. The paper attempts to compare three possible ways of Russia's development and to trace the mechanisms of their implementation in practical politics.
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