Russia in the Multicilizational World: Stages of Development and Interactions

Abstract

Introduction. The study of the civilizational development stages of Russia is relevant due to the increasing role of the civilization factor in the modern multi-civilization world. The analysis of the scientific literature on the civilizational development of Russia shows that views on the nature of Russian civilization are pluralistic. The aim of the work is to analyze the historical stages of the civilizational development of Russia. The main tasks include the analysis of the Orthodox, Soviet and modern Russian civilization, their role in the multi-civilization world. Materials and Methods. The theoretical civilization model of S. Huntington is used as a theoretical and methodological basis for the analysis of the Russian civilization. To identify the stages of formation of the Russian civilization, historical, comparative, institutional and structural-functional methods were used. Results. From the point of view of its civilization development, Russia has gone through three stages: the formation of an Orthodox civilization, Soviet and Modern. Orthodox civilization was the core of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious cultural community of the Russian Empire. Its unique qualities did not predetermine confrontation and hostility towards the states of other civilizations. The Soviet civilization was formed as a result of state policy on the basis of communist ideology. It was in confrontation with the capitalist states of other (primarily Western) civilizations. The modern civilization of Russia is formed on the basis of the historical cultures of the peoples of Russia and the institutions of a democratic state of law. Its characteristic features create the possibility of cooperation with other civilizations of the modern world. Discussion and Conclusions. The civilizational development of Russia includes three stages, within which three different civilizations were formed: Orthodox, Soviet and Modern. Throughout its history, Russia has interacted with its surrounding countries and carried out a cultural and civilizational exchange with them. In most cases, this exchange was peaceful and mutually beneficial.