The method of sublevel coal extraction requires multi caving of the hanging wall layers, which are recompressed, and where each represent a hanging wall in sublevel stoping. Extensive stress and deformation changes in the surrounding area and in the mine represent a safety hazard for employees since the supporting system in the mine roadway could collapse. By accepting geomechanical principals in following caving processes in underground coal mining with the Velenje mining method in above ground acquisition, there are mutual connections made, between the geomechanical parameters of the occurring geological materials in connection with the intensity of coal mining. A numerical model, which allows for in-depth analyses of the geomechanical processes which occur in the hanging wall, the footwall, and in the coal seam during sublevel coal excavation, is broadly applicable and highly relevant for analyzing the intensity and the level of caving processes in sublevel coal mining, and for making realistic plans for coal excavation with worker safety in mind.
Abstract:The complex hydro-geological situation, particularly in terms of groundwater, has been a constant threat to the mining carried out at the Velenje colliery since its inception. Of particular interest to the authors are the difficulties presented to the colliery by the adjacent sand aquifers, as the water pressure within these sands directly impacts mining safety, and the aquifers themselves are most directly affected by dewatering. In order to monitor water levels and estimate dewatering at the Velenje wells, multi-layered modelling using 3D Finite Difference Method (FDM) has already been carried out. However, FDM is not optimal due to its greater dependence on cell size than on water flow. In 2017 in Velenje, a series of wells will be terminated as a result of mining and mining-induced subsidence, leading to dewatering and danger of flooding. As part of a plan to address this by replacing dewatering structures, a series of drive-in filters will be implemented around the entry and exit point tunnels of a longwall face. Because FDM seems to be inadequate for purposes of optimising this process, the Finite Elements Method (FEM) was applied in this case. Based on such an application of FEM, a prediction of the optimisation of drive-in filters was carried out by the authors.
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