A B S T R A C TThe objective of this research was to evaluate the growth and formation of fresh and dry weight of 'Crioula' guava rootstock irrigated with waters of different saline levels and nitrogen (N) doses, in an experiment conducted in plastic tubes under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of five levels of water electrical conductivity -ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m , in the production of guava rootstocks, promotes acceptable reduction of 10% in growth and quality of the seedlings.Formação de porta-enxerto de goiabeira 'Crioula' sob irrigação com águas salinizadas e adubação nitrogenada R E S U M O Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, avaliar a formação de porta-enxerto de goiabeira 'Crioula' irrigada com águas de distintos níveis de salinidade e doses de nitrogênio, em experimento conduzido em tubetes sob condições de ambiente protegido. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos compostos de cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água -CEa (0,3; 1,1; 1,9; 2,7 e 3,5 dS m -1 ) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (70, 100, 130 e 160% de N da dose recomendada para cultivo de mudas de goiabeira cv. Paluma). Sendo a dose referente a 100% correspondente a 773 mg de N dm -1. O maior crescimento de porta-enxerto de goiabeira 'Crioula' foi obtido com água de condutividade elétrica de 0,3 dS m -1 e adubação com 541,1 mg de N dm -3 de solo; doses crescentes de nitrogênio não reduziram o efeito deletério do estresse salino sobre o crescimento e a formação de fitomassa de porta-enxerto de goiabeira cv. Crioula; a irrigação com água de até 1,75 dS m -1 , na produção de portaenxerto de goiabeira, promove redução aceitável de 10% no crescimento e na qualidade de mudas.
Nitrogen (N) fertilization has been tested for the mitigation of salt stress in some species including fruit crops. However, special attention should be paid to the source of N, due to the different compositions and saline indices of the fertilizers, particularly when irrigation is conducted using waters with salinity levels that are restrictive to agriculture. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of fertilization with N sources on the growth and gas exchanges of soursop irrigated with saline water after transplanting. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse at the Center of Technology and Natural Resources of the Federal University of Campina Grande, and treatments were arranged in randomized blocks, in 4 x 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to electrical conductivity of water - 0.5, 1.1, 2.5 and 3.5 dS m-1, and the N sources urea, ammonia sulfate, calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate, with three replicates. Growth and gas exchanges of soursop at 110 days after transplanting were not influenced by either the interaction between water salinity and N sources or the individual action of N, but were inhibited by the increase in water salinity from 0.5 dS m-1. Increasing water salinity inhibited stomatal opening and carboxylation in the leaves.
The presence of waters with high salt concentration stands out as a limiting factor for the quality of agricultural production. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the fruit quality of West Indian cherry cv. Flor Branca, subjected to irrigation with water of different salinity levels and combinations of nitrogen-potassium fertilization, between 630 and 750 days after transplanting in the field. A randomized block design was used in a 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with three replicates, whose treatments consisted of five values of electrical conductivies of irrigation water - ECw (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3 and 4.3 dS m-1) and four combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization (70-50, 100-75, 130-100 and 160-125% of recommendation of N and K2O, respectively). Electrical conductivity of irrigation water above 0.3 dS m-1 reduces the polar and equatorial diameters, hydrogen potential and flavonoid concentration and increases titratable acidity in West Indian cherry fruits. N-K2O combination of 70/50% of fertilizer recommendation reduces the effect of salt stress of irrigation water on the anthocyanin concentration in the fruits at ECw of 1.3 dS m-1 and ascorbic acid at ECw of 3.3 and 4.3 dS m-1.
Potassium fertilization is one of the main techniques that has been studied to mitigateeffects of salt stress in plants, probably because potassium reduces the toxic effect of sodium by competitive inhibition and provides greater tolerance to genotypes of plants to salinity. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different salinities of irrigation water in the formation of phytomass and quality of rootstocks of guava cv. Paluma, fertilized with increasing doses of potassium, in an experiment conducted using eutrophic Fluvic Neosol with sandy loam texture under greenhouse conditions, in the municipality of Pombal-PB, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in 5 × 4 factorial scheme, and the treatments resulted from the combination of five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw = 0.3; 1.1; 1.9; 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four K doses (70, 100, 130 and 160% of K), in which the dose of 100% K corresponded to 726 mg of K dm-3 of substrate, with four replicates and two plants evaluated in each plot. Irrigation with water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1 compromises the total dry matter accumulation and the Dickson quality index of guava rootstocks cv. Paluma at 225 days after emergence (DAE), independent of potassium fertilization. Fertilization with different potassium doses did not promote differences in phytomasses and quality of rootstocks. There was no significant effect of interaction (salt × doses of K) on the studied variables.
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