This paper examines whether short-term cross-cultural study tours enhance the four factors of cultural intelligence (CQ): metacognition, cognition, motivation and behavior. CQ has exhibited high correlations between higher levels of CQ and positive attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. As a capability, CQ appears malleable and, thus, open to change and improvement. Data were collected from working professionals in an MBA program both before and after participating in an experientially oriented 11-or 12-day short-term cross-cultural study tour. Results supported three of the four hypotheses, suggesting that short-term cross-cultural study tours exhibited a significant relationship with enhanced metacognitive CQ, cognitive CQ and motivational CQ. The results did not reveal a significant relationship between the study tours and behavioral CQ.

China continues to rapidly grow globally. As China’s global presence continues to grow, the use of Chinese expatriates around the world will seemingly grow as well. However, little attention is paid to Chinese multinational corporations and their use of expatriates in the literature, while a growing collection of literature focusing on Western expatriates exists. This is a conceptual article that examines the extant literature on any performance interventions designed to improve the adjustment and performance of Chinese expatriates. The article synthesizes the existing literature, concluding with a series of propositions, an initial framework of performance interventions across the phases of the expatriate assignment, and a research agenda designed to move the literature forward.

If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine the training provided to US and European expatriates in Morocco, and subsequently build the body of knowledge for international HRD in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Design/methodology/approach -The study used the models of Black and Mendenhall and Mendenhall and Oddou, subdividing the skills needed to be successful in a foreign country into three categories of skills; maintenance of self, interpersonal skills, and cognitive skills. The population for the study comprises 109 private companies in Morocco, with 34 responding, resulting in a response rate of 31 per cent. Findings -Pre-departure training was provided to all respondents, but none indicated receiving any training post-arrival. None of the respondents' spouses or children received any training. Further, there was no tuition in Arabic, and very few received tuition in French. Co-workers, locals, and neighbors were found to be major factors in assisting expatriates' adjustment.Research limitations/implications -The study is limited by the small sample size. The inconclusive results of this research provided some information that needs further exploratory studies to address the impact neighbors, co-workers, and locals may have on the expatriates' adjustment. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of training that assists expatriates' adjustment and performance in Morocco. Originality/value -Morocco is part of the countries that constitute the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA). MENA countries share similarities in culture that can impact global HRD practices. The results of the study add to the knowledge of international management and global HRD theory and practices.