Indonesia merupakan negara tropis dengan kondisi lingkungan yang kurang menunjang, seperti curah hujan yang tinggi. Permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan curah hujan, penggunaan pupuk yang boros, pengendalian hama dan penyakit serta dampak penggunaan pestisida yang tak terkendali memunculkan suatu alternatif lain dalam budidaya pertumbuhan tanaman. Budidaya tanaman dengan hidroponik teknik rakit apung adalah suatu cara bertanam tanpa media tanah dan menawarkan solusi yang mudah dipraktekkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lebar daun, berat kering dan berat basah, tanaman sawi varietas Shinta, Tosakan dan Dakota sebagai respon yang dikultur pada teknik hidroponik rakit apung. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 3 (tiga) perlakuan dan sembilan kali ulangan sehingga total sampel tanaman yang diamati sebanyak 27 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Tosakan memberikan nilai tertinggi pada pertambahan tinggi tanaman 32,58 cm, lebar daun 4,62 cm, berat basah 19,30 gr dan berat kering 1,03 gr sedangkan varietas Shinta menunjukkan jumlah daun yang paling banyak sebesar 12,77 daun dan varietas Dakota memberikan nilai terendah dalam semua nilai parameter yang diukur. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka varietas Tosakan adalah sawi yang memberi respon pertumbuhan yang lebih baik pada teknik hidroponik rakit apung.Indonesia is a tropical country with a less supportive of environmental conditions, such as high rainfall. Problems related to rainfall, the wasteful use of fertilizers, pest and disease control as well as the impact of uncontrolled pesticide use led to an alternative to the cultivation of plant growth. Hydroponic cultivation with floating rafts technique is a way of farming without soil media and offer a solution that is easy practiced. This study aims to measure the growth of plant height, leaf number, leaf width, dry weight and wet weight, Shinta varieties of mustard plants, Tosakan and cultured Dakota in response to the floating raft hydroponic techniques. This study uses Rancanan Acak Lenkap (RAL) Non factorial with 3 (three) treatments and nine replications so that the total sample of plants observed was 27 plants. The results showed that the varieties Tosakan provide the highest value added 32,58 cm plant height, leaf width 4,62 cm, 19,30 g wet weight and dry weight of 1,03 grams while the Shinta varieties shows the number of leaves at most equal to 12,77 leaves and Dakota varieties provide the lowest value in all measured parameter values. Based on this case, the Tosakan variety is a mustard which gives a better growth response to the floating hydroponic raft technique.
Keanekaragaman Kupu-kupu (Lepidoptera) di Kampus Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado(Diversity of Butterfly (Lepidoptera) in Campus of Sam Ratulangi University, Manado) Yakobus Mogan1*), Roni Koneri1), Eva Lienneke Baideng1)1) Program Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado, 95115*Email korespondensi: moganyakobus@gmail.com Diterima 7 Agustus 2018, diterima untuk dipublikasikan 31 Agustus 2018 Abstrak Kupu-kupu merupakan salah satu jenis serangga dari Ordo Lepidoptera yang memiliki kombinasi corak warna yang variatif dan sebagai salah satu satwa penyerbuk pada tumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keanekaragaman spesies kupu-kupu yang terdapat di kampus Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai Juni 2018 di kampus Univesitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel secara purporsif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik sweeping yang diterapkan secara acak sepanjang 150 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kupu-kupu di kampus Universitas Sam Ratulangi ada 29 spesies yang termasuk dalam 5 famili yaitu Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae dan Hesperidae. Spesies kupu-kupu yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu Zizina otis. Famili yang banyak ditemukan yaitu famili Nymphalidae dengan jumlah spesies sebanyak 10 spesies.Kata Kunci: keanekaragaman, kupu-kupu, Nymphalidae, Universitas Sam Ratulangi Abstract Butterflies are one type of insect from the Order of Lepidoptera which has a variety of combinations of colors and as one of the pollinators in the process of flower fertilization. This research aims to identify and analyze butterfly species diversity that exist within Sam Ratulangi University. The sampling was taken from February until June 2018 at Sam Ratulangi University, Manado. The research method was survey through purposive sampling method. The sampling was conducted by using sweeping technique that was performed randomly as long as 150 m. The results of the research shows that there are 29 species of butterflies that exist within the area of Sam Ratulangi University and they are categorized into 5 families, they are: Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Hesperidae. The most common butterfly species is Zizina otis. The family that is commonly found is the Nymphalidae family with 10 species.Keywords: diversity,butterfly,Nymphalidae,Sam Ratulangi University
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi intensitas serangan akibat hama pemakan daun setelah aplikasi ekstrak daun jeruk nipis pada tanaman sawi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan di Kelurahan Lansot Kecamatan Tomohon Selatan Kota Tomohon pada bulan Desember 2018 – Februari 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun jeruk nipis yaitu J0(kontrol), J1 = 100 g ekstrak daun/L, J2 = 200 g ekstrak daun/L, J3 = 300 g ekstrak daun/L, dan J4 = 400 g ekstrak daun/L. Parameter yang diamati yaitu intensitas serangan akibat hama pemakan daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun jeruk nipis berpengaruh nyata terhadap intensitas serangan pada tanaman sawi dan konsentrasi ekstrak daun jeruk nipis yang dapat menekan serangan hama pemakan daun yaitu konsentrasi perlakuan J3 (300 g ekstrak).Kata kunci : Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) , hama pemakan daun, jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia)THE ATTACK INTENSITY DUE TO LEAF-EATING PESTS AFTER APPLICATION OF LIME (Citrus aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swingle) LEAF EXTRACT ON MUSTARD PLANTS (Brassica juncea L.) ABSTRACTThis study is aimed to evaluate the intensity of the attacks due to leaf-eating pests after the application of lime leaf extract on mustard plants. This research was carried out on experimental fiel in Lansot Sub-District, South Tomohon District, Tomohon City in December 2018 - February 2019. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 5 treatments of lime leaf extract concentrations, namely J0 (Control), J1 = 100 g leaf extract / L, J2 = 200 g leaf extract / L), J3= 300 g leaf extract/ L, and J4 = 400 g leaf extract / L. The intensity of the attack was observed based on the area of leaf damaged by pest. The results showed that the application of lime leaf extract significantly affected the intensity of attacks on mustard plants and the concentration of lime leaf extract which was able to suppress leaf-eating pests which was the highest in the J3 treatment (300 g extract).Keywords: Mustard (Brassica juncea L.), leaf-eating pests, lime (Citrus aurantifolia).
Fauna tanah menggunakan tanah sebagai habitat alami untuk keberlanjutan hidupnya. Aktivitas pertanian yang menggunakan pupuk dan pestisida dapat menjadi penyebab penurunan keanekaragaman fauna tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman fauna tanah pada agroekosistem tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) di Desa Raringis, Langowan Barat, Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di lima stasiun pada Desember 2018 – Januari 2019 dengan metode purposive sampling dengan pitfall trap. Fauna tanah yang ditemukan di agroekosistem tanaman tomat terdiri atas tiga filum, delapan kelas, 19 bangsa, dan 36 suku. Total fauna tanah sejumlah 41 taksa. Keanekaragaman fauna tanah berdasarkan Indeks Shannon- Wiener (H’) berturut-turut dari Stasiun I, II, III, IV dan V yaitu 1,93; 2,02, 2,04, 1,97 dan 2,06. Indeks keanakeragaman fauna tanah di Desa Raringis tergolong sedang (H’: 2,00). Keanekaragaman fauna tanah dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lingkungan misalnya suhu tanah, curah hujan, penggunaan pupuk kimia, pestisida sintetik dan pola penanaman tomat secara monokulturSoil fauna occupy soil as their natural habitat for their sustainability. Agricultural activities that use fertilizers and pesticides can cause decrease in the diversity of soil fauna. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of soil fauna in the tomato agroecosystem (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Raringis Village, West Langowan, Minahasa, North Sulawesi. The soil fauna sampling was conducted at five stations in December 2018 - January 2019 with a purposive sampling method with pitfall traps. Soil fauna found in the agroecosystem of tomato plants consisted of three phyla, eight classes, 19 orders, and 36 families. Total soil fauna tanah was 41 taxa. The diversity of soil fauna based on the Shannon-Wiener Index (H ') respectively from Stations I, II, III, IV and V were 1.93; 2.02; 2.04; 1.97 and 2.06. The index of diversity of soil fauna in Raringis Village was classified as moderate (H ': 2.00). The diversity of soil fauna was influenced by environmental factors such as soil temperature, rainfall, chemical fertilizers, synthetic pesticides and tomato monoculture farming
The Percoll density gradient centrifugation (PDGC) method is frequently used in the sexing of spermatozoa. However, this method causes damage to the spermatozoa membranes, resulting in a decreased quality of spermatozoa. We analysed the impacts of phospholipid PC (phosphatidylcholine) and EGTA (ethylene glycol bis (β-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) Ca2+ free buffer on the quality of bovine spermatozoa after the PDGC process, using semen from Friesian Holstein (FH) bulls aged 5 - 8 years. The following variables were observed: spermatozoa motility, spermatozoa viability, spermatozoa membrane integrity, spermatozoa that have not experienced capacitation, spermatozoa that have experienced capacitation and spermatozoa that have undergone acrosomal reaction. The results showed that the administration of phospholipid PC + EGTA Ca2+ free buffer to spermatozoa, followed by the PDGC process, could maintain or further improve the values of all variables. In the PDGC process, phospholipid PC 10% + EGTA Ca2+ free buffer at 1 mM was most suitable.
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