SUMMARYObjective: The aim of the study is to examine cross-sectional time trends of life satisfaction and self-rated health in a representative sample of Czech children aged 11, 13 and 15 years using the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study data from the Czech Republic.Methods: Data from survey years 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 was used. The sample consisted of 16,357 participants (48.5% of boys). Life satisfaction (LS) was measured by Cantril´s ladder; self-rated health was measured through the simple item "Would you say your health is: excellent, good, fair, poor".Results: Most of the children were satisfied with their lives in all surveyed years (mean LS scores range from 7.21 to 7.51; maximum 10). LS was consistently significantly associated (p < 0.001) with age and gender. Overall, children and adolescents in the Czech Republic also reported good health. In total, 87.6% of respondents from all samples reported their health as excellent or good. Gender was found to be significantly associated with self-rated health (p < 0.05) in all surveyed years.Conclusions: No permanent trends in both followed indicators have been seen in the examined period.

SUMMARYObjective: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health-related quality of life in Czech population. Methods: Data were collected from 1,380 subjects aged 30 to 69 years attending the Department of Dentistry, Medical Faculty of Charles University in Hradec Králové or attending three private dental practitioners collaborating on the study. Oral health-related quality of life was measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire that was translated to Czech. The OHIP-14 scores were assessed in relation to chosen clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and oral health behaviour. Statistical analyses included descriptive analyses, the Mann-Whitney test, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Kruskal-Wallis test using the NCSS 2007 program. The χ 2 test of independence in contingency tables or Fisher's exact test was used for qualitative data.Results: Internal reliability for the 14 items overall was very high (Cronbach's α = 0.924). The two most frequently scored items using the answer other than "never" during the last year were "painful aching" (62% of subjects) and "uncomfortable to eat" (44.4%), representing subdomain physical pain. The domain of social disability was reported least frequently. The OHIP-14 was significantly associated with dental status, dental behaviour, income and age.Conclusions: The findings of this study do suggest that the culturally adapted OHIP-14 version may be a good research instrument to be considered for use in measuring the impact of oral problems on the quality of life in Czech population.Key words: quality of life, oral health, oral health impact profile, oral health-related quality of life, questionnaire inquiry

Background: Job satisfaction factors that are significant include managers´ concern for people, their style of leadership, and management systems. For these reasons, managerial communication skills should also be an important topic included in hospital lifelong learning courses, with the ultimate goal of increasing job satisfaction. This article presents an evidence-based strategy to engage relevant stakeholders. Methods: To monitor and rate job satisfaction, a quantitative survey inspired by the Gallup questionnaire was used. Furthermore, managers' communication skills were measured by Dewhurst and FitzPatrick's Communication Competencies Model in a quantitative survey conducted during an educational workshop. Both surveys are part of a strategy to engage relevant stakeholders in implementation of evidence-based practice step by step. Results: The results of a job satisfaction survey initiated the decision to support efforts aiming to improve managerial communication competencies. Based on statistical analysis, the findings confirmed the existence of a discrepancy between needs and skills of the managers for all the measured competencies, thus identifying an opportunity for improvement. Conclusions: All findings of the survey demonstrate that communication competencies are important. The model of communication competencies enabled detailed identification of which skills should be developed. The individual steps of continuous improvement correspond with the evidence-based implementation strategy and should lead to improvement of job satisfaction as part of the long-term goal.

The article focuses on using foreign-developed instruments to conduct nursing research and to guide nursing practice in the Czech Republic (CR). Foreign sources mention a number of challenges associated with instrument translation and recommend a course of action to achieve linguistic and cultural equivalence, and ultimately, to ensure instrument validity. However, Czech authors translating and using foreign instruments often do not provide any information about the translation process they used. This shortcoming does not allow the nursing community to assess if adequate measures were implemented to minimize any possible validity threats associated with the translation process. The article reviews some of the methods that can be used to ensure that research instruments translated from one language to another retain their validity across languages and cultures. Key wordsInstrument validity, linguistic and cultural equivalency, nursing research, research instrument, translation Klíčová slovaValidita nástroje, jazyková a kulturní shoda, ošetřovatelský vý-zkum, výzkumný nástroj, překlad

The target of the study was to determine the measure of the satisfaction with life, subjectively perceived health condition and feelings of happiness in Czech children and to consider the results obtained as related to the site of dwelling, age and gender. The target population for the research were Czech children aged 11, 13 and 15 years. The data were obtained from the total number of 5711 children: 1817 children, i.e. 31.8 %, aged 11 years; 1952 children, i.e. 34.2 %, aged 13 years; and 1942 children, i.e. 34 %, aged 15 years. By gender, the group included 2882 boys (50.5 %) and 2829 girls (49.5 %). The data accumulation was implemented within the scope of the research examination of the World Health Organization international study "The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children: A WHO Cross-National Study" (HBSC). The analysis of the satisfaction with the life was implemented with the help of the Cantril index. A high proportion of Czech children (80.6 %) states index of 6 and above on the scale of the satisfaction with life. A great majority of children (88 %) evaluates their health condition as excellent or good and more than 80% children feel happy. We considered statistically significant associations between the factors followed, age and gender of children and we demonstrated no association with the site of dwelling. Compared with results obtained in 2002, the measure of the satisfaction with the life decreased in children, particularly in children aged 11 years and in respondents of female gender.

Specifika profese všeobecné sestry a nároky na tuto profesi kladené jsou velmi rozmanité a zatěžující. Adaptační proces, pracovní podmínky, výkon profese v rámci svým kompetencí vnímání vlastní profese ovlivňují a jsou důležitými faktory pro spokojenost všeobecných sester s výkonem své profese. Autoři v textu představují stěžejní výsledky dotazníkového šetření zaměřeného na zkušenosti českých všeobecných sester s podmínkami výkonu jejich profese v systému českého zdravotnictví. Konkrétně je sdělení zaměřeno na zkušenosti a spokojenost sester s adaptačním procesem, s profesí, s pracovními podmínkami a s nastavením kompetencí. Dotazníkové šetření proběhlo v rámci projektu TAČR ÉTA TL01000094 „Kompetentní sestra pro 21. století: analýza a návrh optimalizace vzdělávání a výkonu profese všeobecných sester“. Soubor respondentů tvořilo 2 479 všeobecných sester pracujících v českých zdravotnických zařízeních akutní péče. Většina respondentů je spokojena s výkonem své profese. Pro spokojenost je pro respondenty důležitá spolupráce především se sestrami, ale i dalším personálem, nastavení adaptačního procesu ve smyslu délky, osoby školitele a konkrétních procesů. Nejméně jsou respondenti spokojeni s nastavením a dodržováním kompetencí. V současném nedostatku všeobecných sester v českém zdravotnictví je nutné se na sledované faktory zaměřit a problémy řešit jak u nových, tak i u stabilizovaných zaměstnanců.

New trends in providing healthcare are dynamically changing the field and increasing demands on healthcare staff. The adequate capacity and training of healthcare staff is considered an essential measure of the quality of the provided care. The shortage of health personnel is becoming one of the most pressing issues and challenges facing both the health system and society as a whole. The aim of this text is to shed light on how general nurses perceive their profession and what influences their level of job satisfaction. To this end, qualitative research was conducted and the method of in-depth interviews was used to determine the experiences of general nurses (working in standard and intensive care units) in their profession. The general nurses evaluated the issues of their work through aspects related mainly to management, teamwork, working conditions, competency, adaptation process, prestige and respect. There is an interplay between the various factors that affect the subjectivity of general nurses in different situations and with different intensities. General nurses perceive higher financial remuneration as a motivation, but not as a major predictor of their job satisfaction. Nurses interpreted the key factors for job satisfaction to be communication and collaboration.