Alcohol is one of the most consumed psychoactive substances in the world, and the negative impact related to alcohol use has become a worldwide public health issue. Alcohol is able to affect diffusely several areas of the Central Nervous System, which could impair visual functions, including eye movements, and cognitive processes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol intake in eyes movements, as an indicator of cognitive processing underlying the visual search in a the Maze task. We investigated the concentration of 0.08% blood alcohol concentration (BAC), using an intra-subject, double-blind, and placebo-controlled experimental design with a sample size of 20 young adults (11 men and nine women). All volunteers participated in both conditions, i.e., alcohol (0.08%) and placebo (0.00%), in a counterbalanced order. We use the Tobii TX300 eye tracker to evaluate eye movements during completion of Visual Maze Test. The results showed significant differences in the following eye movement patterns: the first fixation latency, number and duration of fixations (mean and total), the number and duration of saccades (mean and total), and the total execution time in the test. In addition, we investigate the areas of interest (AOI), decision points in which the participant must decide which course to follow. We verified that the participants in the alcohol condition had a significantly greater number of fixations in both AOI, in comparison to the placebo condition. Overall, our findings confirm that moderate doses of alcohol can change the eye movements of young adults. These alterations may evidence the influence of alcohol in cognitive processes, such as flexibility, attention, and planning, which are required during resolution of Maze Task.

This study aimed to measure the axes of colors confusion according to the circadian typology (CT). For this purpose, 28 young male adults aged 20 to 28 participated in this study. The characteristics of the sample were: morning moderately (MM; n = 8; M = 23.25 ± 2.6); Intermediate (I; n = 10; M = 23.30 ± 2.7) and evening moderately (EM; n = 10; M = 23.70 ± 2.5). We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Horne and Ostberg’s questionnaire to ascertain aspects of sleep quality and CT and Cambridge Colour Test (CCT) and the Lanthony Desaturated D-15 Test (D-15d) to verify the color perception. Significant difference was found in the PSQI (F(2.20) = 15.77, p < .001; η2 = 0.62) between EM compared with I (p < .001) and MM (p < .001). We found a difference in the protan confusion axes at 9 a.m. (χ2 = 6.74; p < .05) and 9 p.m. (χ2 = 7.11; p < .05) and deutan at 5 p.m. (χ2 = 11.23, p < .001). The chromatic confusion axes will vary according to the synchronization of daily variation and the EM typology has higher chromatic sensitivity, pointing to a possible relation between visual circadian filters and spatial chromatic information. The daily fluctuation of visual sensitivity may explain the preliminary results on the circadian effects on color perception.

These data indicate that the IRI is a valid instrument and may contribute to study intrinsic religiosity in Brazilian samples.

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This study aimed to evaluate construct validity and other psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in the Brazilian context. To do so, three studies were conducted. Study I evaluated the discriminative power and the homogeneity of the items, the factor structure and the internal consistency of the scale. 101 individuals from the general population of Fortaleza (CE) participated, with ages from 18 to 94 years (M = 41.8; SD = 22.6), mostly female (57.4%), single (48.5%) and Catholic (60.4%). Results indicated a single factor structure and satisfactory internal consistency. The second study tested the factor structure through a confirmatory factor analysis. This study counted with 184 individuals from the general population of Fortaleza (CE), aged 18 to 85 years (M = 40.4; SD = 22.8), mostly female (53.3%), single (52.2%) and Catholic (62.5%). Results indicated satisfactory goodness-of-fit indexes, except for the RMSEA. Study III evaluated the temporal stability and convergent validity of the SWLS. 51 students from Fortaleza (CE) participated. The subjects were aged between 18 and 47 years old (M = 22.9; SD = 4.5), mostly male (56%), single (96.1%) and Catholic (48%). 34 participated on the retest. Data collection was performed in classrooms and retest was conducted after 30 days. Results indicated good temporal stability and significant correlations between life satisfaction and positive and negative affect. We conclude that the SWLS presented satisfactory levels of validity and reliability and can be used to predictive models involving mental health in Brazilian context.