The Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome that has been under high anthropogenic action, which directly interferes in the quality of its soil. In order to evaluate and monitor the quality of the soil, chemical and biological indicators are used, with the determination of the enzymatic activity gaining prominence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of soils of the Caatinga biome in preserved and anthropized areas belonging to the Catimbau National Park, located in Pernambuco, Brazil, during the two periods of the year (rainy and dry), for three consecutive years, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Enzymatic activities of β-glucosidase, urease, arylsulfatase, and acid and alkaline phosphatase in the soil were evaluated. Anthropic action caused reduction in the enzymatic activities of β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase and urease. Regarding the periods of the year, the dry one showed smaller values of enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase and urease. Among the evaluation years, when correlating accumulated precipitation and enzymatic activity, the highest correlations were observed in the preserved area in both periods of the year. The fragility of Caatinga soils under anthropic action was observed in both periods of the year, over time. The increasing anthropization of areas of the Catimbau National Park has a direct effect on soil quality, affects its ecological balance, causing degradation and reduction of its quality. Appropriate enforcement measures are urgently needed to ensure their environmental preservation.
RESUMO:A temperatura do ar é um dos principais parâmetros agrometeorológico que afeta a fenologia das culturas agrícolas, por está principalmente relacionada a taxa de fotossíntese, afetando também o plastocrono. Com isso, esse fato tem motivado a realização de inúmeros trabalhos sobre este fenômeno, utilizando-se diversos métodos para a mensuração e estimativa desta influência. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os métodos de determinação de graus-dia para estimação do plastocrono em duas cultivares de girassol, em capitão Poço-PA. Assim, se conduziu um experimento em casa de vegetação na área experimental da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Desse modo, utilizaram-se duas cultivares (cv.) de girassol (Embrapa-122 e Catissol) e utilizou-se 120 vasos experimentais. Para calcular a soma térmica diária foram utilizados seis métodos. Dessa forma, o melhor método para estimativa do plastocrono foi o Método 3, que leva em consideração a temperatura média, a temperatura base inferir e a temperatura ótima, pois foi o que apresentou menor desvio padrão em relação aos demais métodos. Palavras-chave: Graus dias. Embrapa-122. Catissol. Temperatura do ar SUMMARY:The air temperature is one of the main agro-meteorological parameters that affect the phenology of crops for is mainly related to photosynthesis rate also affecting plastochron. Thus, this fact has motivated the realization of numerous works on this phenomenon, using various methods to measure and estimate this influence. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods for the determination of degree days to estimate the plastochron in two sunflower cultivars in Capitão Poço. Thus, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the experimental area of the Amazon Rural Federal University. Thus, they use two cultivars (cv.) Sunflower (EMBRAPA-122 and Catissol) 120 and used experimental vessels. To calculate the thermal time two methods were used. Thus, the best method to estimate plastochron was Method 3, which takes into account the average temperature, the base temperature and inferring the optimum temperature, it showed the lowest standard deviation relative to other methods.
The resistance induction becomes an alternative to control microorganisms that attacks like plants. Little is known about the dose and its effect on the enzymatic activities associated with the induction of resistance of pepper plants under anthracnose attack. The objective of this study was to evaluate the severity and to estimate the enzymatic activity of Arcade F1 hybrid peppers infected with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and submitted to different doses of the abiotic acibenzolar-S-methyl inducer. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with five treatments, four doses of acibenzolar-S-methyl (0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 g.L-1), and the control with distilled water only. The evaluation of leaf severity and collection for enzymatic activity of β-1,3-glucanase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were performed on the 4th, 8th and 12th day after inoculation of the phytopathogen. The application of acibenzolar-S-methyl provided a reduction in anthracnose severity, with an increase in all the enzymatic activities evaluated, but there was no prevalence of a specific dose. However, all doses of the evaluated inducers were able to delay the development of the phytopathogen with elevated activity of one or more antioxidant enzyme. KEYWORDS: Antioxidant enzymes, phytopathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
A adição de cultura probiótica confere potencial biofuncional aos alimentos, devido à capacidade de promover a saúde e aos efeitos bioquímicos e fisiológicos no organismo. O objetivo foi produzir iogurte com lactose e sem lactose com adição de Bacillus subtilis e avaliar o potencial antioxidante de peptídeos solúveis em água durante o período de armazenamento. Para a produção de iogurte, foi utilizado um arranjo fatorial simples para avaliar dois tipos de leite com adição da cultura probiótica contendo B. subtilis UFPEDA 86. As frações foram avaliadas (pré-digestão e pós-digestão) quanto ao potencial antioxidante de eliminação do radical do radical 2 Ácido 2'-azino-bis (ácido 3- etilbenzotiazolina -6-sulfônico) (ABTS), do 2,2'-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil (DPPH) e quelação de cobre e ferro. Na avaliação dos resultados, as frações obtidas das diferentes combinações de leite, cultura probiótica e dias de armazenamento apresentaram potencial antioxidante e capacidade quelante; as atividades apresentaram aumento significativo após o processo de digestão. Além disso, os resultados demonstraram que o B. subtilis pode ser empregado na produção de bio-iogurte com potencial antioxidante.
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