, in which spirituality elements were identified as coping strategies for the health-diseasedeath processes. Those results were complemented with a documental review. Objective: to claim on the caring strategies, on a specific social, cultural and historical context, that promotes the improvement of the nursing practice in the Mexican context. Method: theoretical-inductive documentary analysis. Results: communities are built from common goals and objectives, which arise as health-disease-death processes in its own particular perspective. Conclusion: nursing has as one of its main functions, to rescue people's individual and collective response, for coping with every life situation; allowing that care itself, becomes a mutual feedback exercise.
The object of study of nursing has been defined by various authors. When considering these definitions in Mexican practice, it is decontextualized or new definitions are created to attempt to standardize a view of the practice of care; these proposals consider primarily biological aspects, while sidestepping social, cultural and / or spiritual aspects that are part of the lifeways of individuals subject to care.Objective: Describe the practices of traditional and spiritual care in a Nahua community and provide information on the empirical knowledge of care practices in that community, which complement the conceptual frameworks of nursing.Methodology: Qualitative, phenomenological. Informants: tepatihs (tepatih: Nahuatl, referred to as "the healer") and a Catholic priest. Both are complementary elements, responding to specific features of the community by dealing with situations of illness within their own ideological and cultural worldview, an important consideration to reinforce current theoretical frameworks relevant to nursing.Keywords: Care practices, spirituality, Indian community, traditional medicine. RESUMOIntrodução: O objeto de estudo da enfermagem foi definido por vários autores. Ao considerar essas definições na prática mexicana, é descontextualizada ou novas definições são criados para tentar padronizar uma visão da prática de cuidados; estas propostas consideran os aspectos biológicos, principalmente, enquanto negligenciando os aspectos sociais, culturais e / ou espirituais que fazem parte dos modos de vida das pessoas sujeitas aos cuidados.Objetivo: descrever as práticas de cuidados tradicionais e espirituais em uma comu- Prácticas de cuidado tradicional y espiritual en una comunidad indígena nahuaTraditional and spiritual care practices in nahua Indian community Práticas de cuidados tradicionais e espirituais em uma comunidade Nahua
RESUMENIntroducción: Este artículo muestra el proceso de diseño y validación de una escala, la cual se construye a partir de cinco dimensiones de la enseñanza situada, y permite evaluar el aprendizaje sobre Salud Colectiva. Objetivo: Diseñar y validar una escala de aprendizaje sobre Salud Colectiva en Enfermería.Material y Métodos: Se estructuró en cinco fases: 1) Revisión de la literatura; 2) Diseño del instrumento; 3) Jueceo de expertos; 4) Aplicación de un piloto; 5) Análisis estadístico para medir el poder de discriminación, grado de dificultad de los ítems y Coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: Se obtuvo un instrumento de 40 ítems, el cual considera cinco dimensiones del aprendizaje: genuino (8 a 40 puntos), significativo y reflexivo (7 a 35 puntos), experiencial-multidimensional (9 a 45 puntos), autónomo (6 a 30 puntos) y conjunto (10 a 50 puntos), que derivan en un puntaje total que va de 40 a 200 puntos. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos del jueceo de expertos y pruebas estadísticas indican que la escala mide el aprendizaje genuino, conjunto, autónomo, reflexivo y experiencial de los alumnos a partir a los conocimientos adquiridos sobre salud colectiva, por lo que puede utilizarse para este fin. Palabras Clave: escala, enseñanza situada, salud colectiva.ABSTRACT Introduction: This article shows the process of design and validation of a scale, which is constructed from five dimensions of situated teaching and allows evaluating the learning of collective health. Objective: To design and to validate a scale of learning on collective health nursing. Methods: It was structured into five phases: 1) review of the literature; 2) design of the instrument; 3) evaluation of experts; 4) application of a pilot; 5) statistical analysis to measure the power of discrimination, degree of difficulty of the items and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: An instrument of 40 items was obtained, which considers five dimensions of learning: genuine (8 to 40 points), meaningful, and reflective (7 to 35 points), experimentalmultidimensional (9 to 45 points), self-employed (6 to 30points) and set (10 to 50 points), derivative in a total a score of 40 to 200 points. Conclusions: The results obtained from the evaluation of experts and statistical tests indicate that the scale measures the genuine learning, joint self-employed, reflective and experimental of the Students from the knowledge acquired about the collective health and that can be used for this purpose.
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