In order to investigate objectively and quantitatively the process of interpreting a graph related to the motion by middle school students, we introduced the eye tracking method, and we compared the result of eye tracking with the students' understanding of the graph. Two graphs representing the relationship between time, position, and speed were selected at the middle school level, and a total of six items were developed, these for each of two graghs. The eye tracking equipment was the SMI REDn scientific, and a total of 58 eighth-grade students who had already learned the 'motion' unit were included in this study. The students who had a good understanding of the graphs were found to focus on the graph more than the text, to visit the graph more frequently, and to have a higher number of fixations on the key areas in the graph. On the other hand, students with low understanding of the graphs were found to focus on the text area rather than the graph and to have a significantly lower number of fixations on the key areas in the graph.
The aim of this study is to develop digitalized evaluation methods for fabric shrinkage and damage using image analysis. To develop the shrinkage assessment method, 81 grid dots (nine horizontal lines and nine vertical lines) are introduced into the test fabric. This allows the shrinkage to be verified based on the change in distance between neighboring dots, which not only presents the shrinkage in the warp and weft directions, but also the area shrinkage and skewness. The developed evaluation method yields a value that differs from the actual measured value by less than 1 mm, which confirms its significance. To develop a damage evaluation method using the Original Danish MA test fabric, the change in area caused by loosening threads in five holes is evaluated. The area change in the developed method and the number of loosened threads in the conventional method has a high correlation. Comparing the number of dots in the Poka-Dot test fabric before and after washing enables one to distinguish incorrectly created dots during the manufacturing process and to accurately measure the number of missing dots such that the result is similar to the actual measurement. The accuracy and reproducibility of the developed measurement method are confirmed using various verification such as error rate, washing cycle, and washing time. Digitizing the evaluation method can contribute to the digital transformation of apparel quality evaluation by reducing labor and errors between evaluators.
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