The present study was conducted to investigate whether the intestinal absorption of vitamin E is influenced by marginal zinc deficiency. Rats trained to meal feed were divided into two groups and fed a diet containing 3 mg Zn/kg [a low zinc (LZ group)] or pair-fed (PF controls a zinc-adequate diet (30 mg Zn/kg). At 5 wk, the body weight (352 +/- 5 g, mean +/- SD) of LZ rats was 98.5% of that of PF rats (357 +/- 8 g). Rats with lymph cannula were infused at 3 mL/h via a duodenal catheter with a lipid emulsion consisting of 568 micromol triolein, 3.56 micromol alpha-tocopherol (alphaTP) and 396 micromol Na+-taurocholate in 24 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (pH 6.4). Lymph was collected hourly for 8 h. The amounts of alphaTP absorbed into the lymph were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The hourly rate of alphaTP absorption was significantly lower in LZ than in PF rats. A marked difference (P < 0.05) was clearly evident even at 1 h (1.8 +/- 1.2 nmol/h in LZ vs. 8.5 +/- 3.0 nmol/h in PF). The peak rate of absorption was significantly lower in LZ rats (67.1 +/- 16.7 nmol/h at 5 h) than in PF rats (95.9 +/- 7.7 nmol/h at 4 h). The total amounts of alphaTP absorbed in 8 h in LZ and PF rats were 391.1 +/- 54.4 nmol (11.0 +/- 1.5% dose) and 613.9 +/- 105.8 nmol (17.2 +/- 3.0% dose), respectively. The lymphatic absorption of alphaTP was correlated with the amounts of PL (r = 0.77, P < 0.05) released into the mesenteric lymph. The hourly outputs of phospholipid and oleic acid also were significantly lower in LZ rats than in PF rats up to 4 h (P < 0.05). The cumulative lymphatic outputs of phospholipid (PL) were 20.1 +/- 3.7 micromol/8 h in LZ and 27.0 +/- 3.9 micromol/8 h in PF rats (P < 0.05). These results show that the intestinal absorption of vitamin E is affected by the zinc status of rats. This observation along with our earlier finding of a lower intestinal absorption of retinol suggests that zinc nutriture has a profound effect on the intestinal absorption and body status of lipid soluble vitamins.
This study was initiated to examine the accuracy of conventional food composition table-based estimation of intakes of energy, protein, lipid and carbohydrate, in comparison with chemical analysis. For this purpose, 66 women (at the ages of 29 to 54 years) in three locations in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, volunteered to offer 24-hour food duplicate samples. A half of them were house-wives, and the remaining half were farmers or fishers. The duplicate samples were subjected 1) to the chemical analysis for daily intake of energy, protein, lipid and carbohydrate after official methods in Korea (measured values), and 2) to the estimation of intakes of the same items taking advantage of Korean Food Composition Tables (estimated values). The two sets of the results, i.e., the measured and estimated values, were compared by paired and unpaired t-test, and linear regression analysis. The estimated values correlated closely with the measured values, irrespective of energy or the three major nutrients. A close agreement was observed for energy intake (the estimated/measured ratio of > 98%), and it was also the case for protein intake (101%). Under- and over-estimation was observed, however, in regard to carbohydrate (by - 8%) and lipid intake (by + 24%), respectively. It was concluded that the Korean Food Composition Tables are sufficiently accurate when applied for estimation of total energy intake as well as protein intake. Cares should be taken, however, in applying the tables for estimation of lipid and carbohydrate intake, because there may be the risk of over- and under-estimation for the former and the latter, respectively.
The observed levels of Cd and Pb exposure were more or less similar to what were reported for children in Pusan. No apparent urban-rural difference could be detected.
Objectives Dietary intake of tin (Sn) may be increased in some children in kindergartens in Korea. The present study was intended to examine this possibility and clarify the extent of the elevation. Methods 24-hour food duplicate and spot urine samples were collected in 2003-2004 from 108 4-6-year-old children (boys and girls combined) in 4 kindergartens (1 in Seoul and 3 in Jeju Island), as reported in a previous publication. These samples were employed in the present analyses to examine tin levels in the diet (including beverages) (Sn-D). A portion of the samples were wet-ashed, and the liquid samples were analyzed for Sn by the ICP-MS method. For statistical evaluation, v 2 method and Smirnov's test for extreme value were used. Results Sn-D in the 108 cases distributed as extremely biased, and could be divided into two groups, i.e., those with \10 lg Sn/day (accounting for 90 % of the cases), and those with [10 lg/day (for 10 %). Sn-D in the former group was distributed quasi-normally with an AM (median) of 2.9 (2.5) lg/day. The maximum in the latter group was 3012 lg/day. No correlation was detected between Sn-D and Sn in urine (Sn-U). Comparison of the findings with published articles strongly suggested that the high Sn-D was due to consumption of foods (including beverages) preserved in tin-plated cans. No positive confirmation was however possible due to insufficient information on food records. Conclusions About 10 % of children surveyed had elevated Sn-D (up to 3 mg/day). It was quite possible that high Sn-D was associated with tin-canned food intake.
Saengshik is a Korean "non-cooked food" that is commercially produced and marketed. Ingredients in commercial Saengshik include grains, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, sea plants, and various functional botanicals. This study investigated the effects of Saengshik on the survival rate of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing around 190 g were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental groups: a healthy normal group (NC) and two groups with STZ-induced diabetes and fed either control diet (DC) or Saengshik diet (DS). Rats in all groups were supplied with a diet of equal energy. The animals were maintained on an experimental diet for 168 days in experiment I and for 42 days in experiment II. The body weight in the DS rats decreased less than in the DC rats in both experiments I and II. There was a trend for blood glucose level in the DS group to decrease during the experimental period in both experiments I and II. A survival rate of 50% was reached on day 49 in the DC group and on day 118 in the DS group. All rats in the DC group died by day 140, while 50% of the rats in the DS group were still alive on day 168, when experiment I was terminated. In experiment II, 50% of the DC group and 90% of the DS group survived at day 42. Saengshik did not have any influence on cholesterol levels, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. These results suggest that blood glucose concentrations and the survival rate are positively affected by Saengshik feeding in diabetic rats.
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