Food intake survey of kindergarten children in Korea: Part 2 increased dietary intake of tin possibly associated with canned foods

Abstract

Objectives Dietary intake of tin (Sn) may be increased in some children in kindergartens in Korea. The present study was intended to examine this possibility and clarify the extent of the elevation. Methods 24-hour food duplicate and spot urine samples were collected in 2003-2004 from 108 4-6-year-old children (boys and girls combined) in 4 kindergartens (1 in Seoul and 3 in Jeju Island), as reported in a previous publication. These samples were employed in the present analyses to examine tin levels in the diet (including beverages) (Sn-D). A portion of the samples were wet-ashed, and the liquid samples were analyzed for Sn by the ICP-MS method. For statistical evaluation, v 2 method and Smirnov's test for extreme value were used. Results Sn-D in the 108 cases distributed as extremely biased, and could be divided into two groups, i.e., those with \10 lg Sn/day (accounting for 90 % of the cases), and those with [10 lg/day (for 10 %). Sn-D in the former group was distributed quasi-normally with an AM (median) of 2.9 (2.5) lg/day. The maximum in the latter group was 3012 lg/day. No correlation was detected between Sn-D and Sn in urine (Sn-U). Comparison of the findings with published articles strongly suggested that the high Sn-D was due to consumption of foods (including beverages) preserved in tin-plated cans. No positive confirmation was however possible due to insufficient information on food records. Conclusions About 10 % of children surveyed had elevated Sn-D (up to 3 mg/day). It was quite possible that high Sn-D was associated with tin-canned food intake.

Food intake survey of kindergarten children in Korea: Part 3 cadmium and lead burden

“…The food duplicate, urine and a small portion (ca. 5 g) of boiled rice samples were wet-ashed by heating in the presence of mineral acids as previously described in Part 2 of this series of articles [21]. The wet-ashed liquid samples were subjected to ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry) analyses for Cd and Pb determination.…”

Parameters influencing the migration of trace metals in uncoated fruit cans

“…So, there is concern about the possible consumer exposure to trace metals through canned fruits that are frequently produced and stored in tinplate cans, and epidemiological results raise questions about the evidence underlying dietary recommendations to promote tinned fruit consumption as a part of a healthy diet (Aasheim et al, 2015). In particular, a recent study reported elevated Sn levels in urine collected from children in Korea (reaching up to 3 mg Sn/day for some children) and this was suspected to be related to the consumption of tin-canned foods and beverages, especially canned fruits (Yang et al, 2015). Similarly, the second French diet study conducted a few years ago revealed that canned fruits contained the highest levels of Sn (up to 8.55 mg/kg) (Millour et al, 2012).…”

“…Buculei, Gutt, Sonia, Adriana, and Constantinescu (2012), Buculei et al (2014) showed the importance of the organic protective coating and its properties (e.g., porosity) on the migration phenomenon. Yet, uncoated (or plain) cans are commonly used for fruits since color changes in fruit (e.g., apricot) pieces have been reported in lacquered cans (Tošković, Rajkivić, & Stanojević, 2005). Since canned fruits are acidic media (pH < 4.5) (Diviš, Šťávová, Pořízka, & Drábiková, 2017), they are expected to offer favored conditions for trace metals' release due to corrosion (Abdel-Rahman, 2015; Ansari et al, 2019;Reilly, 2002).…”

Environmental tin exposure in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults and children: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014

“…Dietary intake levels of inorganic tin from canned foods can vary widely because tin levels in canned food are, for example, affected by the use of lacquered vs. unlacquered cans, the acidity of the food, storage conditions, and the presence of agents that influence the extent of tin dissolution from the tin coating (Greig and Pennington; IPCS). Interestingly, several studies reported that the consumption of canned food is not associated with urinary tin levels (Hayashi et al, 1991; Shimbo et al, 2007; Shimbo et al, 2013; Yang et al, 2015). Diet is also a major route of exposure to organotin compounds.…”