Industry, homes activites, and aquaculture around situ or lake could contaminate and affect the water quality. This study aimed to determine the diversity of phytoplankton and water pollution level in Situ Bulakan Kota Tangerang based on saprobite index. The research was conducted on December 2014 until March 2015 at Situ Bulakan Kota Tangerang. Observations were made based on 4 points sampling with three repetitions for one day that could represented existing condition. Sampling sites in this study were at inlet flow, middle, outlet, and alleged utilized areas such as floating fish net. The result showed 26 species of phytoplankton from four classes, namely 9 species of Cyanophyceae, 4 species of Bacillariophyceae, 11 species of Chlorophyceae, and 2 species of Euglenophyceae with moderate diversity index (H' = 1.77─2.05). Monoraphidium sp. was a species dominated in Situ Bulakan Kota Tangerang which was found 215 individuals. So it can be said as saprobite bioindicator. Saprobite index in Situ Bulakan Kota Tangerang showed moderate to severe contaminated with α-mesosaprobic (0.14).
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan evaluasi nutrisi dan kecernaan in vitro pada sembilan spesies rumput lapangan tropis di Indonesia. Sampel rumput lapangan diperoleh dari kebun rumput Kawasan Nuklir Pasar Jumat, Jakarta Selatan dengan metode kuadrat. Peletakan plot dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan jumlah 15 plot (ukuran 1 x 1 m). Sembilan spesies rumput lapangan yang dievaluasi termasuk dalam famili Poaceae dan Cyperaceae. Peubah yang diamati adalah kandungan nutrien, fraksi serat, estimasi kecernaan dan in vitro true digestibility (IVTD). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Rumput Teki badot (Cyperus kyllinga) mengandung protein kasar (PK) tertinggi (7.60%). Rumput Teki badot juga mengandung kadar neutral detergent fiber (NDF) dan acid detergent fiber (ADF) terendah berturut-turut sebesar 66.10% dan 32.40% (P<0.05). Rumput Teki badot dan Rumput belulang (Eleusine indica) menghasilkan nilai relative feed value (RFV) tertinggi dan termasuk dalam kualitas hijauan "fair". Nilai IVTD tertinggi dihasilkan oleh Rumput Kusa-kusa (Echinochloa colonum) yaitu sebesar 66.62% (P<0.05). Rumput Kusa-kusa dan Rumput teki badot merupakan dua spesies rumput lapangan yang potensial dikembangkan secara genetik karena memiliki kandungan nutrien serta kecernaan in vitro yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan spesies rumput lapangan tropis lainnya.
To reduce the feed production cost of floating fish feed, an innovative method which is cheaper, easier, and simpler compared to the use of extruder machine is needed to provide buoyancy to fish feed. This research was conducted to determine the physical characteristics of floating fish feed prepared through fermention using Rhizopus oryzae on the mixed substrate consisting of commercial sinking fish feed, cassava bagasse, and Lemna minor. The resulting fermented feed was subsequently compared with commercial sinking fish feed in terms of its water stability, absorption, and floatability. The water stability curves of both feed types showed a similar pattern for 20 hours. Both decreased dramatically in the first 0.5 hours, from 100% to 81% for the fermented feed, and to 83% for the commercial feed. The shape of a 40-minute water absorption curve for both feed types was very similar. The fermented feed absorbed water nearly 4 times its initial dry weight, while commercial feed up to about twice as much as its initial dry weight. For three hours, both fermented and commercial floating pellets stayed afloat 100% without sinking. Thus, fermentation using R. oryzae deserves further development as an alternative way to provide buoyancy to fish feed. ABSTRAKUntuk menekan biaya produksi pakan ikan apung, diperlukan inovasi pengapungan pakan ikan yang lebih murah, mudah, dan sederhana dibandingkan dengan penggunaan mesin ekstruder. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik pakan apung hasil fermentasi menggunakan kapang Rhizopus oryzae pada substrat campuran pakan tenggelam komersial, onggok, dan Lemna minor. Pakan fermentasi ini lalu dibandingkan dengan pakan apung komersial dalam hal stabilitas dalam air, absorbsi air, dan daya apung. Stabilitas dalam air kedua jenis pakan memiliki pola yang mirip selama 20 jam. Stabilitas keduanya menurun drastis pada 0,5 jam pertama, dari 100% ke 81% untuk pakan apung fermentasi, dan ke 83% untuk pakan apung komersial. Bentuk kurva absorpsi air selama 40 menit untuk kedua jenis pakan sangatlah mirip. Pakan apung fermentasi menyerap air hampir 4 kali bobot kering awalnya, sedangkan pakan apung komersial hingga sekitar 2 kali bobot kering awalnya. Selama tiga jam, baik pakan apung fermentasi maupun komersial mengapung 100% tanpa tenggelam. Jadi, fermentasi menggunakan R. oryzae layak dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai cara pengapungan alternatif pakan ikan.Kata Kunci: daya apung, daya serap air, stabilitas dalam air, pakan apung, pakan tenggelam
Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui akumulasi Pb pada daun Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) dan rumput Gajah Mini (Axonopus.Sp) yang terletak dibeberapa jalan protokol Kota Tangerang. Lokasi pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Sembilan lokasi utama Kota Tangerang dan satu di lokasi permukiman. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Maret dan April 2009. Sampel dianalisa menggunakan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom (SSA) melalui metode destruksi basah. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah kandungan Pb pada daun Angsana (2.04 – 7.30 μg/g pada bulan Maret 2009 ; 1.12 – 7.61 μg/g pada bulan April 2009) dan rumput Gajah Mini (2.12 – 12.38 μg/g pada bulan Maret 2009 ; 5.89 – 10.32 μg/g pada bulan April 2009). Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pterocarpus indicus dan Axonopus.Sp mampu mengakumulasi Pb pada kisaran 1.12-12.38 μg/g. Kandungan Pb pada daun Angsana dan rumput Gajah Mini hasil penelitian tidak mencapai 1000 ppm (μg/g). Hal ini berarti kandungan Pb pada daun Angsana dan rumput Gajah Mini di Kota Tangerang belum melampaui ambang batas toksisitasnya terhadap tanaman.
Sinking pellets disintegrates easily in water, hence reducing water quality and fish productivity due to oxygen-consuming biodegradation of the unconsumed feed. Modifying sinking pellets into more stable floating pellets using an edible tempeh mould through solid fermentation has previously been studied as an alternative to the more expensive extrusion method. However, the fermentation resulted in the uncontrolled growth of the fungal mycelium, causing the individual pellets to aggregate into a single compact mass. The fermentation also contributed to the dry weight loss of the initial pellets. Thus, using a laboratory-scale bioreactor, this study aimed at generating water-stable and floating properties on sinking-pellets through sub-optimal fermentation using tempeh mould. The conditions varied were the amount of sinking pellets substrate, fermentation duration, and aeration-humidification. Results showed that less pellet aggregation was observed with shorter fermentation time. Based on 40-minute laboratory tests in water, the best 80% floating ability was achieved for 10 g sinking pellets fermented for 72 h with humidified bubble aeration. The fermented pellets showed 42% water stability and 4.86% dry weight loss.
To reduce broiler production cost, a study was carried out on utilisation of alternative, less costly feed components, namely kepok banana peel and corn hominy which were mixed and fermented using the fungus Rhizopus oryzae. The fermented substrate was added into commercial feed in order to determine its influence on the poultry’s production performance. This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: one using 100% pure commercial feed, and the other three commercial feed mixed with the fermented feed component at the levels of 5%, 10% and 15%. All treatments were repeated four times during 25 days growth period. The results showed that supplementation of the fermented ingredient in the broiler ration at the levels of 5%, 10%, or 15% had no significant effect (P>0,05) on the feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and the final body weight of the animals. Although mixing the fermented feed ingredient up to 15% in the commercial feed promoted the growth of the broilers, the results were not yet comparable to pure commercial feed.Keywords: Corn hominy, broiler, fermentation, kepok banana peel, Rhizopus oryzae AbstrakUntuk mengurangi biaya produksi ayam pedaging, dilakukan pengkajian penggunaan bahan penyusun pakan alternatif yang lebih murah, yaitu kulit pisang kepok dan ampok jagung yang dicampur dan difermentasi menggunakan jamur Rhizopus oryzae. Hasil fermentasi tersebut lalu ditambahkan pada pakan komersial ayam pedaging dengan tujuan mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap penampilan produksi ayam pedaging. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu satu perlakuan 100% pakan komersial murni, dan tiga perlakuan pakan komersial yang dicampur bahan pakan hasil fermentasi tersebut dengan kadar 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Seluruh perlakukan diulang empat kali selama 25 hari masa pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bahan pakan terfermentasi ke dalam ransum ayam pedaging pada kadar 5%, 10%, atau 15% tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, nilai koversi pakan, dan bobot badan akhir hewan. Meskipun penambahan bahan pakan fermentasi tersebut hingga 15% dalam pakan komersial mendukung pertumbuhan ayam pedaging, namun capaian pertumbuhannya belumlah sebaik pakan komersial.Kata kunci: Ampok jagung, ayam pedaging, fermentasi, kulit pisang kepok, Rhizopus oryzae
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.