The Indonesian government committed to restoring over 2 million ha of degraded peatland by the end of 2020, mainly to reduce peat fires and greenhouse gas emissions. Although it is unlikely the government will meet this target, restoration projects are still underway. One restoration strategy involves blocking peatland drainage canals, but the consequences of this for smallholder farmers whose livelihoods are dependent on agriculture are unclear. This paper investigates perceived impacts of canal blocks on smallholder farmers and identifies factors that affect their willingness to accept canal blocks on their land. We use data from 181 household questionnaires collected in 2018 across three villages in Jambi province, Sumatra. We found that the majority of respondents would accept canal blocks on their farms, perceiving that the blocks would have no impact on yields or farm access, and would decrease fire risk. Respondents who would not accept blocks on their farms were more likely to use canals to access their farms and perceive that canal blocks would decrease yields. The majority of farmers unwilling to accept canal blocks did not change their mind when provided with an option of a block that would allow boat travel. Our results improve understanding of why some smallholders may be unwilling to engage with peatland restoration. Further research is needed to understand the impact of canal blocks on smallholders’ yields. Engaging with stakeholders from the outset to understand farmers’ concerns, and perceptions is key if the government is to succeed in meeting its peatland restoration target and to ensure that the costs and benefits of restoration are evenly shared between local stakeholders and other actors.

The loss of huge areas of peat swamp forest in Southeast Asia and the resulting negative environmental effects, both local and global, have led to an increasing interest in peat restoration in the region. Satellite remote sensing offers the potential to provide up‐to‐date information on peat swamp forest loss across large areas, and support spatial explicit conservation and restoration planning. Fusion of optical and radar remote sensing data may be particularly valuable in this context, as most peat swamp forests are in areas with high cloud cover, which limits the use of optical data. Radar data can ‘see through’ cloud, but experience so far has shown that it doesn't discriminate well between certain types of land cover. Various approaches to fusion exist, but there is little information on how they compare. To assess this untapped potential, we compare three different classification methods with Sentinel‐1 and Sentinel‐2 images to map the remnant distribution of peat swamp forest in the area surrounding Sungai Buluh Protection Forest, Sumatra, Indonesia. Results show that data fusion increases overall accuracy in one of the three methods, compared to the use of optical data only. When data fusion was used with the pixel‐based classification using the original pixel values, overall accuracy increased by a small, but statistically significant amount. Data fusion was not beneficial in the case of object‐based classification or pixel‐based classification using principal components. This indicates optical data are still the main source of information for land cover mapping in the region. Based on our findings, we provide methodological recommendations to help those involved in peatland restoration capitalize on the potential of big data.

Bakteri Bacillus sp. non patogenik memiliki potensi sebagai pupuk hayati. Pupuk hayati di Indonesia sebagian besar terdiri atas konsorsium beberapa macam mikroba. Pupuk hayati yang diuji, "Pupuk X" terdiri atas 10 spesies bakteri Bacillus sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas Pupuk X dalam melarutkan fosfat, memfiksasi N2 dan mensintesis fitohormon Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), serta mengujinya secara in planta pada bibit padi. Kemampuan melarutkan fosfat diuji pada media Pikovskaya padat dengan mengamati munculnya zona bening di sekeliling koloni. Kemampuan memfiksasi N2 secara kualitatif dan kuantitif masing-masing diuji pada media NFB padat dan Acetylene Reduction Assay. Kemampuan sintesis IAA diukur secara kolorimetri pada λ 530 nm, sedangkan pengaruh pupuk hayati cair terhadap bibit tanaman padi diuji secara in planta menggunakan bibit padi varietas IPB3S. Sedikitnya terdapat enam spesies bakteri Bacillus pada pupuk hayati yang digunakan memperlihatkan morfologi koloni berbeda, dengan total populasi mencapai 7,6×10 11 cfu ml-1 dan ukuran sel-sel Bacillus sp. bervariasi antara 2,39-3,01 µm. Pada pupuk hayati ini terdeteksi aktivitas nitrogenase sebesar 0,05685 µm ml-1 jam-1. Konsorsium Bacillus ini dapat melarutkan fosfat dari sumber Ca3(PO4)2 dengan indeks pelarut fosfat 2,6. Fosfat terlarut tersebut disebabkan karena produksi empat jenis asam organik oleh Bacillus sp., yaitu asam asetat, asam oksalat, asam laktat, dan asam malat dengan konsentrasi sekitar 0,01-1,02 mg l-1. Konsentrasi IAA pada pupuk hayati cair terdeteksi sebesar 3,0065 µg ml-1. Inokulasi Pupuk X pada bibit padi dapat meningkatkan jumlah akar lateral 42,8% yang berpotensi meningkatkan serapan hara dalam tanah.

Drainase lahan gambut diperkirakan akan mempengaruhi populasi dan keanekaragaman hayati di tanah gambut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh drainase dan tutupan lahan gambut di Tanjung Jabung Timur, Provinsi Jambi terhadap populasi dan keanekaragaman mikroba tanah gambut. Sampel tanah gambut diambil dari tiga lokasi yang berbeda yaitu: (A) perkebunan sawit dengan kedalaman saluran drainase 50-70 cm, (B) perkebunan sawit dengan kedalaman saluran drainase 20-50 cm, dan (C) hutan gambut. Total populasi mikroba dihitung menggunakan metode Total Plate Count dan media selektif pertumbuhan bakteri, fungi, dan aktinomicetes. Mikroba yang memperlihatkan tampilan morfologis yang berbeda masing-masing dihitung populasinya, lalu dilakukan identifikasi menggunakan Biolog Identification Kit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total populasi dengan keragaman mikroba tertinggi terdapat pada contoh tanah gambut yang telah didrainase pada kedalaman tanah 0-20 cm. Bakteri penambat nitrogen Azotobacter hanya terdeteksi pada tanah gambut lapisan tanah 0-20 cm di lokasi A. Mikroba pelarut P dengan total populasi 2,00 x 10 4-4,00 x 10 4 cfu g-1 terdapat di tiga lokasi, tetapi hanya ditemukan pada kedalaman 0-20 cm. Pada tanah gambut di lokasi A di kedalaman 0-20 cm dijumpai delapan jenis mikroba, yaitu: Azotobacter sp., Bacillus luciferensis, B. salarius, B. soli, Cupriavidus paucalus, Mycobacterium cubhense, Paenibacillus illinoisensis, dan P. wynnii. Sedangkan pada kedalaman 20-50 cm diperoleh spesies bakteri yang lebih sedikit, yakni Bacillus kribbensis, Bacillus panaciterrae, Chryseobacterium balustinum, dan Paenibacillus peoriae. Pada lokasi B, jenis mikroba yang dijumpai lebih sedikit dan didominasi oleh enam spesies bakteri (Bacillus salarius, B. soli, Cupriavidus paucalus, Nocardia jiangxiensis, Paenibacillus wynnii, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa), sedangkan di lokasi C didominasi oleh hanya lima spesies mikroba (Bacillus vallismortis, Nocardia jiangxiensi, Paenibacillus glycaniliticus, P. peoriae, dan Rhodococcus equi). Tampaknya drainase dan pemupukan pada lahan gambut di perkebunan sawit mendorong pertumbuhan mikroba.

Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae play an important role in rice cultivation. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Cyanobacteria are found in rice fields, some of which can fix N2 up to 30%, produce some phytohormones, vitamins, amino acids, and organic acids increase soil fertility and rice productivity. The study was conducted in Alluvials wetland rice in Jatitujuh, Majalengka Regency, West Java. This research aimed to analyze the influence of cyanobacteria in increasing rice yield and the efficiency of inorganic N fertilizers. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the cyanobacteria formula, i.e.: (1) without cyanobacteria, (2) Pseudanabaena sp.+Chlorogloea sp., (3) Pseudanabaena sp.+Nostoc sp., (4) Chlorogloea sp.+Nostoc sp. The second factor was the dose of N fertilizer (0%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The highest rice yield obtained by Chlorogloea sp.+Nostoc sp with 100% N, increased by 14.75%. Application of Pseudanabaena sp. + Nostoc sp. was increased rice grain yield and straw biomass by 11.47% and 37.49%, reduced N fertilizer by 25 to 50%, and increased nutrient uptake of N, P, K by 43.73%, 34.80 %, 34.40%. Using cyanobacteria is a promising strategy to increase rice yield and reduce chemical fertilizers.

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