Summary: Purpose:We investigated the incidence of welldirected violent behavior and suicide attempts in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, with special attention to postictal psychosis.Methods: We compared 57 episodes of postictal psychosis with 62 episodes of acute interictal (or alternative) psychosis and with 134 complex partial seizures. All patients were matched for age and for age at onset of seizures.Results: The incidence of well-directed violent behavior against human beings was significantly higher (23%) duringFor the last several decades, epileptologists have so successfully fought against the view that epilepsy is closely related to aggressive and self-destructive impulses that they have almost succeeded in dismissing this old view (1-3). While investigating postictal psychosis, however, we noticed several sporadic episodes of abrupt violent behavior. We assumed that this behavior could be explained, not by the old theories linking epilepsy in general with such aggression, but by an incomplete differentiation of postictal psychosis from postictal confusion and by a longstanding neglect of postictal psychosis. Indeed, even Treiman (I), who argued that most cases of allegedly ictal aggression were a result of artifacts of gross observations, admitted that violence does occur in postictal psychosis. However, Treiman postulated that such aggression was not fundamentally dissimilar from the aggressive behavior seen in other patients who exhibited psychotic episodes attributable to other causes. This study was designed to examine our impression that violence is one of the outstanding features of postictal psychosis.Accepted June 9, 1998. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. K. Kanemoto at Utano National Hospital, Ukyo-ku, Narutaki, Ontoyama-cho 8, Kyoto, Japan.postictal psychotic episodes than during acute interictal episodes (5%) and postictal confusion (1 %). Suicide attempts were also more frequent during postictal psychosis (7%) than during either acute interictal psychosis (2%) or postictal confusion Conclusions: Our study showed that well-directed violent and self-destructive behavior was not a feature of epileptic psychosis in general but a specific hallmark of postictal psychosis.

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N-Linked sugar chains were liberated by hydrazinolysis from porcine zona pellucida glycoproteins obtained from ovarian follicular oocytes. Neutral sugar chains were separated from acidic ones by paper electrophoresis and fractionated with a serial lectin column chromatography and Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography. Their structural analysis by sequential glycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis revealed that the neutral sugar chains are of bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary complex type with a fucosylated trimannosyl core. Twenty-six percent of the sugar chains contain N-acetyllactosamine repeating structures in their outer chain moieties. Only linear N-acetyllactosamine repeats, the maximum size of which is hexasaccharide, are detected. A characteristic feature is that 39% of the sugar chains contain N-acetylglucosamine residues at their nonreducing termini in spite of the absence of bisected sugar chains. This study provided, for the first time, the substantial information about the sugar chain structures of mammalian zona pellucida glycoproteins.

The IcareHOME can be used as a self/home-tonometer; however, it may result in lower IOP values.

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