The demands of tofu as food constantly increase in Indonesia, a large amount of clean water for production process of this food enhance significantly and resulting amount of liquid waste discharging goes to the sewer system increase and finally arrive into the streams or rivers in almost all big cities in Indonesia. Currently, only view of tofu makers which have waste water treatment plant however far from the standard which is expected for treating this liquid waste. Sampling of this liquid waste from centre of tofu maker were not comply the ministry of environment and forestry regulation (PerMenLH No.5 Tahun 2014). Therefore, in this study we have used vermibiofilter column-type reactor for treating Tofu’s liquid waste for reducing the concentration of pollutant. Vermibiofilter has chosen since this technique is regarded as simply way for treating the tofu’s liquid waste and also will provide a benefit for earthworm farmer in which this tofu’s liquid waste is food stuff for earthworm. The Species of earthworm we have used was Lumbricus rubellus that is an endemic earthworm in Indonesia. Usage of earthworm in biofilter column-type reactor shown that the removal efficiency of turbidity, TSS, COD, and BOD are 99.2 %, 66.19 %, 80.77 % and 81.05 % respectively and for column-type reactor without having earthworm (biofilter) as a control, the removal efficiency for Turbidity, TSS, COD and BOD are 98.4 %, 41.93 %, 66.77 % and 66.7 % respectively. This result showed that earthworm Lumbricus rubellus plays significant role for degrading organic matter, producing the microorganism decomposer and also absorbing organic matter.
The small crab animal is important for the fisheries sector in Indonesia, but usually the small crab industry only takes meat and allows the crab shell to become a pile of waste. To reduce the potential for pollution caused by a small crab shell waste, the waste can be reused to obtain chitin. Small crab shell waste still contains quite a lot of chemical compounds, including protein, minerals (CACO), and chitin. The study conducted chitin extraction with a process preceded by deproteination and then demineralization. Chitin was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that chitin was successfully extracted from the small crab shell through the deproteination and demineralization process with FTIR l, which results the characteristic spectrum of chitin compounds such as waves of 3433 cm 'for -OH, -NH groups. The absorption around the wave number 3433 cm occurs because of the overlap between the absorption -NH and -OH and the wave number 701 cm 'for the b-1,4-glycosidic group.
Huge consumption of fossil fuel energy creates environmental problems, while the amount of organic solid waste is in an increasing trend especially in developing countries. Biogas is known as a renewable energy that can be used as an alternative fuel which is promising to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. This study identified the concentration of methane gas that can be produced from organic waste treated in an anaerobic digestion with the addition of Hyphomicrobium sp. Two-stage batch anaerobic digestion was used with an operational volume of 6 L. Four different starting concentrations of bacteria Hyphomicrobium sp. added to the reactors: 0.29 × 10 9 cells/L in reactor A, 0.87 × 10 9 cells/L in reactor B, 1.75 × 10 9 cells/L in reactor C, and no Hyphomicrobium sp. in the control reactor. The results showed that the concentration of methane gas produced was 38.4% in the reactor A while in reactor B and C were 35.6% and 33%, respectively. In reactor K with no addition of bacteria, the amount of methane produced was 52%. In contrary to the hypothesis, the addition of Hyphomicrobium sp. to the anaerobic process was contra-productive to the yield of methane. Further research is required to investigate the role of Hyphomicrobium sp. on the methane gas formation in the reactor.
<p>The rain intensity is the high rainfall in unit of time. The length of rain will be reversed by the amount rain intensity. The shorter time the rain lasts, the greater of the intensity and re-period of its rain. The value of rain intensity is required to calculate the flood discharge plan on the drainage system planning area in East Karawang district. Determining the value rain intensity is required the maximum daily rainfall data obtained from the main observer stations in the Plawad station planning area. The method of determination rain intensity analysis can be done with three methods: Van Breen, Bell Tanimoto and Hasper der Weduwen. Selected method is based on the smallest deviation value. Determination deviation value is determined by comparing rain intensity value of Van Breen method, Bell Tanimoto, Hasper der Weduwen. By comparing rain intensity value of the Van Breen method, Bell Tanimoto, Hasper der Weduwen with the results of calculating three methods through the method approach Talbot, Sherman and Ishiguro. Calculation results show that the method of rain has smallest deviation standard is method Van Breen with Talbot approach for rainy period (PUH) 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years.</p>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.