Local drug delivery directly to the source of a given pathology using retrodialysis is a promising approach to treating otherwise untreatable diseases. As the primary material component in retrodialysis, the semipermeable membrane represents a critical point for innovation. This work presents a new ionic hydrogel based on polyethylene glycol and acrylate with dopamine counterions. The ionic hydrogel membrane is shown to be a promising material for controlled diffusive delivery of dopamine. The ionic nature of the membrane accelerates uptake of cationic species compared to a nonionic membrane of otherwise similar composition. It is demonstrated that the increased uptake of cations can be exploited to confer an accelerated transport of cationic species between reservoirs as is desired in retrodialysis applications. This effect is shown to enable nearly 10-fold increases in drug delivery rates from low concentration solutions. The processability of the membrane is found to allow for integration with microfabricated devices which will in turn accelerate adaptation into both existing and emerging device modalities. It is anticipated that a similar materials design approach may be broadly applied to a variety of cationic and anionic compounds for drug delivery applications ranging from neurological disorders to cancer.
Polyurethane foams were prepared by using functional quaternary ammonium monomers to endow the porous materials with antimicrobial properties. For this purpose, tri‐ and tetra‐hydroxyl functional quaternary ammonium compounds were synthesized and used as a triol and tetraol monomer in a polyurethane foam formulation. By this method, the cationic ammonium group is chemically incorporated into the polyurethane backbone. Polyurethane foams containing different amounts of the quaternary ammonium functional group were prepared and characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, carbon solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. The antimicrobial properties of the cationic polyurethane foams were evaluated toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, respectively. Polyurethane foams containing more than 20% of quaternary ammonium component display high antimicrobial activity and can be used for several applications requiring antimicrobial properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45473.
Metal-free organic inhibitors that can be incorporated into a polymer coating have great potential, since they can add their intrinsic inhibition effect to the protective layer effect of a polymer coating.
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