High detection complexity is known to be one of the major challenges in MIMO communications based on spatial multiplexing. Tuple Search Detector (TSD) was recently introduced, significantly reducing detection complexity in comparison to conventional algorithms while achieving close to full maxlog-APP BER performance. Besides high computational complexity, irregular control flow and sequential nature of the tree search represent major limitations of depth-first-based detectors, frustrating efficient application of parallelization techniques and hence leading to inefficient realizations with regard to most practical applications. This work 1 presents a novel TSD implementation, scalable in constellation size and number of antennas and mapped to a highly parallel and pipelined ASIP architecture. Major challenges and key strategies enabling a high-throughput and low-complexity realization are presented and performance of the resulting flexible and efficient detector implementation is evaluated. Proposed realization is shown to achieve > 300 Mbps throughput at a reference clock frequency of 400 MHz (regarding 4×4 MIMO transmission with 16-QAM), by far outperforming comparable state-of-the-art realizations.
Nowadays, high detection complexity is known to be one of the major challenges in MIMO communications based on spatial multiplexing. Tuple search (TS) sphere detection was recently introduced, demonstrating to represent a promising approach in this context. It provides significant complexity reduction in comparison to conventional algorithms, providing in addition close to full max-log-APP BER performance. Due to the increasing multiplicity of communication standards as well as variety of mobile applications demanded by users, tackling the lack of flexibility of common receiver realizations has become an additional key challenge in MIMO detection. Aim of this work is to demonstrate that the benefit provided by the tuple search strategy is still present in a wide range of possible transmission schemes. For this purpose, a novel efficiency indicator is introduced, based on which an exhaustive analysis is performed. The existing tuple search detector has been adapted to deal with different constellation orders and transmit/receive antenna configurations. In addition, the applied MMSE strategy has been modified to support undetermined systems. The obtained results show the superiority of the proposed sphere detector under different transmission conditions, thus demonstrating its efficiency and flexibility.Keywords-MIMO detection, sphere decoder, tuple search, efficiency, overhead, asymmetric MIMO. I. INTRODUCTIONFuture mobile communication systems will make use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques in combination with high constellation orders to enhance spectral efficiency. Transmission of spatially multiplexed data streams allows increasing data rates as well as diversity. However, the inherent high detection complexity and lack of flexibility of common detector realizations still represent limiting factors towards efficient implementations. Tree search strategies have been shown to represent a promising approach to overcome the complexity problem. High order systems allow high data rates, but also imply great detection search spaces. As a consequence, detection algorithms exploring all or most of the possible sent symbols become impractical due to the resulting high computational complexity. This is the case of e.g. full max-log-APP detection. To solve this problem, several complexity-reduced detection algorithms presenting close to full max-log-APP detection accuracy have been widely studied. Sphere detector [1], M-algorithm [2], LISS-algorithm [3], or variations of them [4]-[7] are some examples, still subjected to numerous BER performance-complexity trade-offs.
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