Interactive visualizations have the potential to greatly enhance our ability to analyze data. Although the user is central to the use of such environments, perceptual and cognitive processes are not well understood within the context of interactive visualization. Although cognitive psychology has provided a greater understanding of visual perception and cognition, a theoretical framework that links this knowledge with the interactive visualization process is needed. This article aims to fill this gap by introducing a visual information processing model that facilitates the understanding of how users interact with interactive visualization environments.
Intervention research to reduce musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) has usually been focused at the job level. However, to intervene in and monitor change at a production system level, an approach to assess mechanical exposure and risk at this level is needed. The first purpose of this article is to present an example of production system level risk estimates. The second purpose is to compare the impact of an intervention at the job system and the production system level. One product was tracked throughout an entire production system to quantify the "product cycle" exposure and risks experienced by the low back. The intervention described decreased the predicted production system exposures and predicted risk substantially, if adopted across all departments. C 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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