Background Hospital workers have been the most frequently and severely affected professional group during the COVID-19 pandemic, and have a big impact on transmission. In this context, innovative tools are required to measure the symptoms compatible with COVID-19, the spread of infection, and testing capabilities within hospitals in real time. Objective We aimed to develop and test an effective and user-friendly tool to identify and track symptoms compatible with COVID-19 in hospital workers. Methods We developed and pilot tested Hospital Epidemics Tracker (HEpiTracker), a newly designed app to track the spread of COVID-19 among hospital workers. Hospital staff in 9 hospital centers across 5 Spanish regions (Andalusia, Balearics, Catalonia, Galicia, and Madrid) were invited to download the app on their phones and to register their daily body temperature, COVID-19–compatible symptoms, and general health score, as well as any polymerase chain reaction and serological test results. Results A total of 477 hospital staff participated in the study between April 8 and June 2, 2020. Of note, both health-related (n=329) and non–health-related (n=148) professionals participated in the study; over two-thirds of participants (68.8%) were health workers (43.4% physicians and 25.4% nurses), while the proportion of non–health-related workers by center ranged from 40% to 85%. Most participants were female (n=323, 67.5%), with a mean age of 45.4 years (SD 10.6). Regarding smoking habits, 13.0% and 34.2% of participants were current or former smokers, respectively. The daily reporting of symptoms was highly variable across participating hospitals; although we observed a decline in adherence after an initial participation peak in some hospitals, other sites were characterized by low participation rates throughout the study period. Conclusions HEpiTracker is an already available tool to monitor COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in hospital workers. This tool has already been tested in real conditions. HEpiTracker is available in Spanish, Portuguese, and English. It has the potential to become a customized asset to be used in future COVID-19 pandemic waves and other environments. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04326400; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04326400
This study aimed to report mortality, risk factors, and burden of diseases in Spain. The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 estimates the burden due to 369 diseases, injuries, and impairments and 87 risk factors and risk factor combinations. Here, we detail the updated Spain 1990–2019 burden of disease estimates and project certain metrics up to 2030. In 2019, leading causes of death were ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and lung cancer. Main causes of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, lung cancer, low back pain, and stroke. Leading DALYs risk factors included smoking, high body mass index, and high fasting plasma glucose. Spain scored 74/100 among all health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators, ranking 20 of 195 countries and territories. We forecasted that by 2030, Spain would outpace Japan, the United States, and the European Union. Behavioural risk factors, such as smoking and poor diet, and environmental factors added a significant burden to the Spanish population’s health in 2019. Monitoring these trends, particularly in light of COVID-19, is essential to prioritise interventions that will reduce the future burden of disease to meet population health and SDG commitments.
G.. Modificaciones de diseño protésico para mejorar estética en prótesis parcial removible metálica AVANCES EN ODONTOESTOMATOLOGÍA/175 RESUMENPese al innegable incremento en la utilización de implantes óseo integrados en el tratamiento de la extensa problemática de la desdentación parcial, la confección de prótesis removibles metálicas continua siendo a escala mundial, el principal recurso terapéutico vigente. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista del paciente, la recuperación de la función estética es su principal falencia. Proponemos entonces, extender la utilización del principio de retención friccional inherente a la prótesis fija, mediante la preparación de" facetas retentivas friccionales" en ciertos dientes pilares, generando de este modo artificios protésicos removibles con suficiente retención, sin exhibir elementos metálicos en los sectores anteriores de la cavidad bucal. Se exponen cinco casos clínicos que respaldan la validez nuestra propuesta tras una correcta indicación.Palabras clave: Prótesis removible, retención, estética, facetas retentivas. SUMMARYDespite the fact that nowadays the use of osseointegrated implants is increasing worldwide nevertheless removable partial dentures with cast metal frameworks is still the most indicated treatment for cases of partial edentulism. However, patients remain reluctant regarding the aesthetic impairment brought by some of the removable partial dentures' components. Therefore we propose to apply to removable partial dentures some of the frictional retention's principles used in fixed prostheses, preparing instead of conventional guiding planes in some abutment teeth, a more wide and extensive platform what we so-called "frictional retentive facets". Accordingly we can afford to provide enough retention to our removable devices without exposing unaesthetic components such as vestibular retentive arms. Five clinical cases will be shown in order to sustain our proposal keeping in mind the need of respecting the right indication.Modificaciones de diseño protésico para mejorar estética en prótesis parcial removible metálica
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